Asphalt chips or asphalt granulate is one of the most popular materials obtained as a result of processing. Despite the affordable cost of asphalt chips, it is superior to many other materials in its class, and is not much inferior to asphalt itself in terms of performance characteristics.
Asphalt granulate is crushed crushed asphalt, and therefore takes on many of the characteristics of the original material. The higher quality asphalt concrete the crumb was made from, the higher its performance will be.
What asphalt chips consist of and how they are made, its pros and cons, where it is used, as well as how the installation process works, and how to calculate the required amount, read in this article.
Composition of asphalt crumbs
The composition of the asphalt crumbs will be identical to the composition of the asphalt concrete from which it was made. Also, the proportions of some components may change depending on how the crumbs will be produced: at the point of removal or after transportation to the processing site. What does asphalt crumb consist of:
- crushed stone;
- rocks;
- mineral powder;
- sand;
- bitumen;
- various additives and additives;
In different compositions of asphalt granulate, depending on the initial type of asphalt concrete, some of the components will predominate or be absent. If the asphalt chips were made, for example, from crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete, then it will contain crushed stone from durable rocks. If the crumbs are made of sandy asphalt concrete, then the crushed stone content will be less, while the proportion of sand in the composition will increase. When ordering asphalt chips, do not hesitate to ask what asphalt it was made from.
What is the difference between asphalt and asphalt concrete?
Asphalt concrete is different
, first of all, a special composition.
Components are added to the mixture to increase the strength and durability of the future coating. Asphalt
consists of gravel, sand and bitumen, sometimes with the addition of mineral powder.
Interesting materials:
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How is asphalt crumb produced?
Asphalt crumbs can be produced in 2 different ways, but according to the same principle - crushing. At the output, crumbs of various fractions are formed, usually from a few millimeters to 2 centimeters. The size of the fractions depends on the speed of the cutter. Methods for producing asphalt crumbs:
- Crushing with a road milling machine on site;
- Crushing in stationary crushing plants;
First way
is the main one, and involves milling the top layer of asphalt concrete using a road milling machine.
A layer of road surface is removed, which is immediately crushed, after which it enters the dump truck body along a transport belt. Suitable for asphalting some categories of roads. With this production method, freshly cut and crushed asphalt is delivered to the customer, so this asphalt crumb will be of higher quality - it contains more binders. The less time passes from the moment the asphalt is removed, the less binding components have time to evaporate. In addition, if you remove asphalt and make crumbs in the summer, the binding properties will also be higher. Thus, asphalt crumbs produced by this method in the summer will be the highest quality option for asphalt granulate. The second method
allows you to obtain asphalt granules of slightly lower quality, but it is quite sufficient for arranging a surface that will not be subject to serious and intense pressure (for example, parking lots or driveways). Large pieces of asphalt are placed in a crusher, often with the help of special equipment, after which the crushing plant crushes the asphalt, producing crumbs of several fractions. A stationary crusher allows you to immediately sort different fractions from each other by passing the asphalt granulate through special meshes. Such asphalt crumbs are available all year round, as they are pre-prepared and stored in a warehouse.
Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt crumbs
The main advantage of asphalt chips is that for a relatively low cost you get a fairly high-quality coating. Of course, in terms of performance characteristics, asphalt crumbs are inferior to asphalt concrete, but its cost is significantly lower than the prices of asphalt. At the same time, for many tasks it is not necessary to build a very durable coating, so often there is no need to use asphalt concrete; the crumb copes well with many tasks. The main advantages of asphalt crumbs:
- Low material cost;
- Sufficient coating strength;
- Good wear resistance;
- The coating is quite smooth;
- Long service life;
- Resistance to harsh climates;
- Can be laid without using special equipment;
- The material is produced by recycling without polluting the atmosphere;
- Can be used for a wide range of tasks;
When compared with a regular dirt road, asphalt chips will have a significant advantage. In fact, granulated asphalt has the highest performance characteristics among transitional materials intended for the construction of hard surfaces. There is an opinion that the use of asphalt granulate can harm the environment, but this statement is erroneous. Asphalt crumbs have the same hazard class as clothing or waste paper - 4th. This is the lowest and safest class in existence. Disadvantages of asphalt crumbs
very relative. Yes, it cannot be used for the construction of busy roads, highways and highways. In this case, the performance characteristics will not meet existing requirements. However, when used in areas with light traffic, asphalt chips have no disadvantages. The only thing that can hardly be called a minus is that it periodically requires adding asphalt chips in some places. However, almost all materials have the property of deteriorating, and the service life of asphalt granulate is quite long if the coating is used for its intended purpose.
Technology for laying asphalt chips
The technological process for laying asphalt chips can be of 3 types, depending on the tasks that the coating must perform. The choice of installation technology affects the scope of work, the final cost of construction, and the quality of the coating. If you want to make the coating of the highest quality, for example, for frequent traffic, you should pay more attention to the design of the base. If you plan to pave the garden path with asphalt granulate, you can choose a simpler and more cost-effective method. Technology for laying asphalt chips for areas with high loads (for example, country roads):
- 1. Site preparation, including clearing and leveling the area.
- 2. Laying geotextiles. This stage is not mandatory, but has a positive effect on the service life of the roadway.
- 3. Pour a layer of sand about 20 centimeters thick.
- 4. Leveling and compacting the sand layer.
- 5. Laying crushed stone, layer thickness 15 centimeters. For swampy areas it is better to use crushed stone of fractions 40/70, and for harder soil fractions 20/40 are also suitable.
- 6. Compaction of the crushed stone layer.
- 7. Laying a layer of asphalt chips. Thickness is from 10 to 20 centimeters - depending on the load expected on the road.
- 8. Compaction of asphalt crumbs.
This technology for laying asphalt granulate is most often used for the construction of local country roads. Excellent for constructing road surfaces in villages, SNT and so on. Using this laying method, you can get the highest quality road from asphalt chips. Technology for laying asphalt chips for areas with medium load (for example, parking lots or driveways):
- 1. Preparing the area - leveling and cleaning the base.
- 2. Laying a layer of crushed stone, preferably of different fractions (first larger granules, then smaller ones).
- 3. Compaction of the crushed stone layer.
- 4. Next, asphalt chips are laid. Layer thickness 20 centimeters.
- 5. Compaction of asphalt crumbs.
This installation option will be simpler and more economical. Taking into account the fact that significantly less vehicles move and stand in parking lots and access roads, this asphalt paving technology fully fulfills its purpose. Technology for laying asphalt chips for areas with low load (for example, sidewalks or garden paths):
- 1. Preparation of the base - leveling and cleaning.
- 2. Filling the base with bitumen 0.8-1 liter per 1m2.
- 3. Laying and compacting a layer of crushed stone of 10 centimeters.
- 4. Sprinkling with bitumen 0.8-1 liter per 1m2.
- 5. Laying and compacting another layer of crushed stone of 10 centimeters.
This option will be the most budget-friendly and easiest to implement. It is popular for self-paving in suburban areas. Worth considering
that asphalt crumbs can be compacted 2 times during the compaction process.
Take this point into account when calculating the level height. The compaction of granulated asphalt depends on its composition, so check the compaction coefficient with the material supplier. Crumb asphalt can be compacted in a variety of ways
. The most effective option is to use a road roller, but this is not necessary. You can achieve good results using both hand tools and car tire compaction.
Where can asphalt crumbs be used?
Asphalt granulate, as mentioned, has a fairly wide range of applications. With its help you can build a village road, and also use it as an element of landscape design. What is asphalt crumb used for:
- Construction of country roads;
- Construction of temporary roads;
- Roads of secondary importance;
- Arrangement of parking areas;
- Construction of access roads;
- Sports objects;
- Backyard sports grounds;
- Construction of warehouses and garages;
- Construction of sidewalks and paths;
- Asphalting of local areas;
- Landscape design;
- Road surface repair;
Due to its low cost, asphalt crumbs can be used for both large-scale and local purposes. It is considered one of the most affordable materials for paving.
How to calculate the required amount of asphalt chips
The main factor influencing the required amount of asphalt granulate is the volume of the area being paved. The purpose of the coating also plays a big role - for areas that will not be subject to intense traffic, you can use less asphalt chips. However, the recommended layer thickness remains 20 centimeters. How much asphalt chips are needed if the layer thickness is 20 centimeters? To calculate the amount of asphalt granulate there is a formula: Coverage area x 0.2. For example, for 50 m2 of coverage, the formula will look like this: 50 * 0.2 = 10 m3.
Thus, for asphalting 50 m2, 10 m3 of asphalt chips will be required, which will provide a layer thickness of 20 centimeters. Remember that after compaction, asphalt crumbs can shrink 1.5-2 times, depending on the composition. That is, the actual thickness of the layer after compaction will be less. In one cubic meter (m3) there will be about 1300 kilograms or 1.3 tons of asphalt granulate. This way, it is easier to calculate what volume and weight of asphalt granulate you will need.
Volumetric and bulk weight and density of materials
To collect the loads acting on building structures, it is necessary to know their weight, and therefore their density.
The table shows data on the bulk and volumetric weight of various building materials, as well as materials that are loads in building structures.
| Name of material or design | minimum weight, kg/ m3 | maximum weight, kg/ m3 | average weight, kg/ m3 |
| Asbestos concrete | — | — | 2100 |
| Asboshifer | 1700 | 2100 | 1900 |
| Asphalt mastic | — | — | 1100 |
| Asphalt mass | 1100 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Cast asphalt | — | — | 1500 |
| Pressed asphalt | — | — | 2000 |
| Asphalt in floors and screeds | — | — | 1800 |
| Asphalt concrete | 2000 | 2450 | 2225 |
| Gravel ballast | — | — | 1600 |
| Sand ballast | — | — | 1500 |
| Crushed stone ballast | — | — | 2000 |
| Gasoline in barrels | 450 | 650 | 550 |
| Gasoline in cans | 500 | 700 | 600 |
| Air-dry birch, humidity 10-18% | 600 | 700 | 650 |
| Raw birch, humidity more than 23% | — | — | 700 |
| Birch in wooden structures protected from moisture | — | — | 700 |
| Birch in a freshly cut state | 880 | 1000 | 940 |
| Birch impregnated | 700 | ||
| Lightweight concrete based on granulated slag | 1100 | 1200 | 1150 |
| Lightweight concrete on expanded clay | 500 | 1800 | 1150 |
| Lightweight concrete made from boiler slag | 1350 | 1450 | 1400 |
| Lightweight concrete on pumice slag | 800 | 1400 | 1100 |
| Large-porous sandless fire-resistant concrete | 1450 | 1750 | 1600 |
| Large-porous concrete, sandless, acid-resistant | 2150 | 2500 | 2325 |
| Ordinary concrete on gravel or crushed stone from natural stone, vibrated or centrifuged | 2300 | 2500 | 2400 |
| Ordinary concrete on gravel or crushed stone made of natural stone, non-vibrated | 2200 | 2300 | 2250 |
| Regular concrete on sandstone | 2100 | 2500 | 2300 |
| Concrete mixture with gravel in bulk | 2000 | 2400 | 2200 |
| Extra-heavy limonite concrete | 2800 | 3000 | 2900 |
| Extra-heavy magnetite concrete | 2800 | 4000 | 3400 |
| Extra-heavy barite concrete | 3300 | 3600 | 3450 |
| Extra-heavy concrete with cast iron shot, d=0.8-2 mm | 3500 | 3900 | 3700 |
| Extra-heavy concrete on cast iron scrap | 3700 | 5000 | 4350 |
| X-ray protective concrete based on natural lump barite | 3000 | 3100 | 3050 |
| X-ray protective concrete based on pulverized barite | 2500 | 2600 | 2550 |
| Liquid bitumen | 1080 | 1100 | 1090 |
| Bitumen No. 5 | 970 | 970 | 970 |
| Bitumen mastics | 1350 | 1890 | 1620 |
| Bitumen perlite, composition per 1 mg: perlite sand 1.75 cubic meters. bitumen 120-160 kg | — | — | 350 |
| Lime-sand blocks | 1450 | 1600 | 1525 |
| Bulk steel bolts | 1430 | 1670 | 1550 |
| Steel bolts in boxes | 1430 | 3230 | 2330 |
| Hardwood curb stone | 2000 | 2300 | 2150 |
| Tarpaulin bales | 380 | 450 | 415 |
| Coal briquettes | 1000 | 1100 | 1050 |
| Impregnated pavement beams | — | — | 900 |
| Beech is air-dry, humidity 10-18%. | 600 | 700 | 650 |
| Beech in a freshly cut state | 970 | 1000 | 985 |
| Beech in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 700 |
| Beech impregnated | — | — | 700 |
| Paper in rolls | 400 | 550 | 475 |
| Rubble from hard rocks in a stack | 1600 | 1800 | 1700 |
| Limestone rubble, stones 0.1-0.02 cubic meters. in a stack | 1300 | 1600 | 1450 |
| Sandstone rubble, stones 0.1-0.02 cubic meters. in a stack | 1400 | 1600 | 1500 |
| Lining (wooden slats) | 600 | ||
| Cotton wool and batting in bales | 130 | 200 | 165 |
| Cotton wool pressed in bales | 650 | 850 | 750 |
| Mineral wool (slag wool without inclusions) | 100 | 150 | 125 |
| Ropes and products made from them in bundles and without packaging | 280 | 440 | 360 |
| Mineral felt (mineral wool) with binder | 250 | 300 | 275 |
| Ordinary felt from wool waste | 100 | 300 | 200 |
| Unpressed ordinary construction felt (in bales) | — | — | 300 |
| Felt in bales | — | — | 500 |
| Aerated cement dry thermal insulating concrete | 400 | 700 | 550 |
| Dry cement aerated structural concrete | 1100 | 1200 | 1150 |
| Cement-pumice aerated concrete, dry, thermal insulating | 300 | 650 | 475 |
| Cement-slag aerated concrete, dry, based on granulated light slag | 450 | 650 | 550 |
| cement-slag, dry, under normal hardening conditions | 600 | 1000 | 800 |
| Gas gypsum | 400 | 600 | 500 |
| Pebbles | 1800 | 1900 | 1850 |
| Nails in boxes | 770 | 1100 | 935 |
| Lump gypsum, larger than 100 mm, φ = 30 ° | 1400 | 1450 | 1425 |
| Lump gypsum, finer than 100 mm, φ = 40 ° | 1330 | 1350 | 1340 |
| Gypsum, ground and dihydrous, loosely poured | 600 | 800 | 700 |
| Ground construction gypsum in a loose state | 650 | 1100 | 875 |
| Ground construction gypsum in a compacted state, φ = 30 ° | 1250 | 1450 | 1350 |
| Molding gypsum in bulk | 650 | 850 | 750 |
| Gypsum concrete on boiler slag | — | — | 1300 |
| Gypsum concrete on granulated blast furnace slag | — | — | 1000 |
| Cast plaster in products | 1000 | 1200 | 1100 |
| Gypsum plaster, slabs (without packaging) | 1400 | 1620 | 1510 |
| Dry clay powder | — | — | 900 |
| Clay mixture in the walls | — | — | 2000 |
| Clay in the form of dough of medium plasticity | — | — | 1450 |
| Ground fireproof clay | 1300 | 1400 | 1350 |
| Fireclay clay | — | — | 1800 |
| Croaker (obapol) in bulk | 600 | 700 | 650 |
| Gravel φ = 30° | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Crushed granite (crumbs) | — | — | 1200 |
| Granite in pieces | — | — | 1500 |
| Soil in embankments | 1600 | 1800 | 1700 |
| The soil is silty, dry | — | — | 1600 |
| Muddy wet soil | — | — | 1700 |
| Loess-like soil, humidity 3% | — | — | 1800 |
| Dry marly soil | — | — | 1700 |
| Marly wet soil | — | — | 2000 |
| Tar | 930 | 1000 | 965 |
| Jute (waste) in bulk | 160 | 190 | 175 |
| Jute pressed in bales | 380 | 460 | 420 |
| Delta birch wood, phenol-formaldehyde resin plywood | 1150 | 1400 | 1275 |
| Turf | 1300 | 1400 | 1350 |
| Diatomite in a loose state, in powder | 300 | 700 | 500 |
| Diatomite lump | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 |
| Dolomite in pieces φ = 30° | 1700 | 1900 | 1800 |
| Caustic dolomite ground in a loose state | 1080 | 1100 | 1090 |
| Shit in packs | 300 | 350 | 325 |
| Dry birch firewood | — | — | 500 |
| Raw birch firewood | — | — | 650 |
| Dry softwood firewood | 350 | 450 | 400 |
| Raw softwood firewood | — | — | 500 |
| Yeast in boxes | 750 | 820 | 785 |
| Air-dry oak, humidity 10-18% | 700 | 800 | 750 |
| Freshly cut oak | 1000 | 1030 | 1015 |
| Oak in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 700 |
| Oak impregnated | 800 | 900 | 850 |
| Air-dried spruce, humidity 10-18% | 450 | 500 | 475 |
| Freshly cut spruce | 800 | 850 | 825 |
| Spruce in moisture-protected wooden structures | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Spruce impregnated | — | — | 700 |
| Vibrated reinforced concrete on crushed limestone | — | — | 2450 |
| Reinforced concrete on crushed limestone, non-vibrated | — | — | 2350 |
| Reinforced concrete on expanded clay | 1500 | 1800 | 1650 |
| Reinforced concrete on pumice | 1100 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Reinforced concrete on gravel or crushed stone from natural hard rock, non-vibrated | 2400 | 2500 | 2450 |
| Reinforced concrete on gravel or crushed stone from natural hard rock, vibrated | 2550 | 2650 | 2600 |
| Expanded clay backfill | 500 | 900 | 700 |
| Backfill from tripoli | — | — | 600 |
| Pumice and tuff backfill | 400 | 600 | 500 |
| Filling with small construction waste | — | — | 1100 |
| Sand backfill made of hydrophobic sand | — | — | 1500 |
| Peat backfill | — | — | 150 |
| Slag backfill | 700 | 1000 | 850 |
| Vegetable soil is dry in a dense body, φ = 40 ° | 1300 | 1500 | 1400 |
| Earth natural moisture in a dense body, φ = 45 ° | 1600 | 1800 | 1700 |
| The land is dry, in a dump | — | — | 1200 |
| Dry ash | 400 | 600 | 500 |
| Ash wet | 700 | 900 | 800 |
| Wood ash | 450 | 700 | 575 |
| Limestone in passivated blocks | — | — | 2200 |
| Crushed limestone φ = 35 ° | 1400 | 1600 | 1500 |
| Ground limestone | 900 | 1100 | 1000 |
| Limestone is porous | 2000 | 2100 | 2050 |
| Limestone is dense | 2400 | 2900 | 2650 |
| Marble-like limestone | 2600 | 2800 | 2700 |
| Shell limestone | 1000 | 1800 | 1400 |
| Slaked lime (fluff) in a loose state | 450 | 550 | 500 |
| Slaked lime (fluff) in a shaken state φ = 35 ° | 600 | 800 | 700 |
| Ground quicklime in a loose state | 700 | 800 | 750 |
| Ground quicklime, shaken | 1100 | 1200 | 1150 |
| Quicklime ground lump φ = 35 ° | 700 | 1300 | 1000 |
| Carpentry, plumbing and other tools in boxes | — | — | 450 |
| Cobble stone in bulk | — | — | 1800 |
| Granite stone in blocks, in bulk | 2500 | 2700 | 2600 |
| Diabase stone in blocks, in bulk | 2200 | 2800 | 2500 |
| Shell rock in bulk | 1100 | 1400 | 1250 |
| Bulk tuff stone | 1000 | 1200 | 1100 |
| Concrete hollow stones on crushed stone | 1100 | 1900 | 1500 |
| Concrete hollow stones on slag | 800 | 1600 | 1200 |
| Solid heavy concrete stones on heavy gravel or crushed stone | 2100 | 2400 | 2250 |
| Solid heavy concrete stones on brick or limestone crushed stones | 1800 | 2100 | 1950 |
| Gypsum concrete stones | 1100 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Clay concrete stones | — | — | 1900 |
| Hollow ceramic stones with vertical voids | 1100 | 1400 | 1250 |
| Ropes in coils | 240 | 360 | 300 |
| Ordinary cardboard | 700 | 800 | 750 |
| Rubber in boxes | 380 | 480 | 430 |
| Crushed quartz | 1450 | 1600 | 1525 |
| Dust-like quartz | 960 | 1500 | 1230 |
| Air-dry cedar | 450 | 500 | 475 |
| Freshly cut cedar | 850 | 880 | 865 |
| Cedar in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 500 |
| Cedar impregnated | 550 | 700 | 625 |
| Expanded clay | 250 | 1200 | 725 |
| Abozurite brick | — | — | 900 |
| Porous clay brick | — | — | 1100 |
| Semi-dry pressed clay brick | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Clay brick of plastic pressing | 1700 | 1900 | 1800 |
| Clay iron ore brick | — | — | 1800 |
| Semi-dry pressed hollow clay brick | 1400 | 1500 | 1450 |
| Clay hollow brick of plastic pressing | 1250 | 1450 | 1350 |
| Silicate brick | 1600 | 2000 | 1800 |
| Fireclay brick | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Highly refractory chromium magnesium brick | — | — | 2800 |
| Rubble concrete masonry | 2200 | 2300 | 2250 |
| Rubble masonry made of soft limestone | 1970 | 2000 | 1985 |
| Rubble masonry made of dense limestone | 2200 | 2300 | 2250 |
| Sandstone rubble masonry | 2200 | 2300 | 2250 |
| Masonry made of cinder concrete solid stones | 1420 | 1600 | 1510 |
| Masonry made of slag concrete hollow stones (35% hollowness) | 1300 | 1415 | 1357.5 |
| Clay brick masonry with cement mortar | 1600 | 1900 | 1750 |
| Fireclay brick masonry | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Porous brick masonry | 1100 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Hollow brick masonry | 1000 | 1450 | 1225 |
| Sand-lime brick masonry | 1800 | 1900 | 1850 |
| Granite plank masonry | 2700 | 2700 | 2700 |
| Limestone plank masonry | 2500 | 2600 | 2550 |
| Sandstone plank masonry | 2300 | 2600 | 2450 |
| Freshly cut cedar | — | — | 1000 |
| Maple in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 700 |
| Books in boxes, piles | 430 | 500 | 465 |
| Tree bark (unpacked) | 270 | 300 | 285 |
| Oak tree bark (in bales) | 500 | 600 | 550 |
| Various paints and dyes, dry in cans, barrels, drums, boxes | 500 | 650 | 575 |
| Liquid paint and dyes (oil, enamel, varnish) in barrels, drums, boxes, cans, cans in boxes | 550 | 800 | 675 |
| Nitroglyphate varnish for furniture No. 754 | — | — | 920 |
| Varnish PL-2 | — | — | 1090 |
| Varnish FL-6 | — | — | 882 |
| Brass | 8500 | 8600 | 8550 |
| Ice in pieces | — | — | 600 |
| Air-dried linden | 450 | 500 | 475 |
| Semi-dry linden | — | — | 580 |
| Freshly cut linden | 790 | 800 | 795 |
| Air-dry larch, humidity 10-18% | 600 | 650 | 625 |
| Freshly cut larch | — | — | 840 |
| Larch in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 650 |
| Impregnated larch | 800 | 900 | 850 |
| Gypsum sheets (dry plaster) | — | — | 1000 |
| Bitumen mastic depending on composition | 1195 | 1475 | 1335 |
| Mineral wool mats with synthetic bond | 75 | 100 | 87.5 |
| Stitched mineral wool mats | 100 | 200 | 150 |
| Marble block | 2500 | 2800 | 2650 |
| Marble chips | — | — | 1300 |
| Construction waste, dry φ = 35 ° | 1100 | 1400 | 1250 |
| Naphthalene in boxes | 430 | 460 | 445 |
| Wallpaper in bales and bales | 570 | 650 | 610 |
| Drying oil in barrels and kegs | 560 | 600 | 580 |
| Natural drying oil | — | — | 940 |
| Freshly cut black alder | 800 | 830 | 815 |
| Air-dry alder | — | — | 540 |
| Freshly cut alder | 800 | 830 | 815 |
| Wood sawdust φ = 35 ° | 150 | 300 | 225 |
| Oak sawdust, humidity 5-8% | — | — | 160 |
| Spruce sawdust, humidity 5-8% | — | — | 100 |
| Pine sawdust, humidity 5-8% | — | — | 150 |
| Antiseptic sawdust in bulk | 250 | 350 | 300 |
| Air-dry aspen | 500 | 510 | 505 |
| Raw aspen | — | — | 600 |
| Tow | 120 | 160 | 140 |
| Parquet in packs and bundles | 250 | 400 | 325 |
| Pumice | — | — | 1100 |
| Pumice chips | 310 | 320 | 315 |
| Insulating foam concrete | 300 | 500 | 400 |
| Foam concrete for construction | 600 | 1200 | 900 |
| Foam concrete blocks | 650 | 650 | 650 |
| Polystyrene foam PS-1 | 60 | 220 | 140 |
| Polystyrene foam PVC-1 | 110 | 130 | 120 |
| Foam plastic MFP-1 | — | — | 40 |
| Foam silicate (cellular concrete) | 400 | 1000 | 700 |
| Foam glass (gas glass) | 150 | 600 | 375 |
| Perlite concrete | 400 | 1400 | 900 |
| Mountain sand | 1500 | 1600 | 1550 |
| Ground quartz sand | — | — | 1450 |
| Fine wet sand | 1900 | 2100 | 2000 |
| Fine dry sand | 1400 | 1650 | 1525 |
| Perlite sand | 50 | 250 | 150 |
| Wet river sand φ = 10 ° | 1770 | 1860 | 1815 |
| Dry river sand | 1400 | 1650 | 1525 |
| Tuff sand | 700 | 1000 | 850 |
| Molding sand in bulk | — | — | 1200 |
| Compacted molding sand | — | — | 1650 |
| Slag sand | 800 | 900 | 850 |
| Sandstone | 2200 | 2700 | 2450 |
| Rubble slab in a stack | — | — | 1700 |
| Asbestos-cement tiles | — | — | 1900 |
| Gypsum fiber boards for partitions 30 mm thick | — | — | 910 |
| Gypsum slabs with organic filler | — | — | 700 |
| Gypsum peat slabs | 750 | 950 | 850 |
| Gypsum slag slabs | 1100 | 1300 | 1200 |
| Solid wood fiber boards | — | — | 1000 |
| Wood-fiber thermal insulation porous boards | 150 | 300 | 225 |
| Mineral wool slabs on bitumen (19%) thermal insulation | — | — | 320 |
| Phenolic bonded thermal and sound insulating slabs | — | — | 200 |
| Cork slabs | 150 | 350 | 250 |
| Cement-fibrolite slabs | 300 | 500 | 400 |
| Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) | — | — | 1380 |
| Polyethylene | 920 | 950 | 935 |
| Linen (textile) in pieces | — | — | 600 |
| Cork | 100 | 400 | 250 |
| Gypsum mortar without filler | 1200 | 1300 | 1250 |
| Clay mortar | 1800 | 2040 | 1920 |
| Fresh lime mortar | 1640 | 1940 | 1790 |
| Acid-resistant diabase solution depending on the glass module | 1870 | 2080 | 1975 |
| Acid-resistant quartz solution depending on the glass module | 1300 | 1970 | 1635 |
| Complex mortar (cement, lime, sand, quartz) | 1600 | 2000 | 1800 |
| Cement mortar | — | — | 2100 |
| Sheet rubber | 1100 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Ruberoid | — | — | 600 |
| Roofing slate | — | — | 1500 |
| Snow is clean dry | 100 | 300 | 200 |
| Air-dry pine, humidity 10-18% | 400 | 600 | 500 |
| Freshly cut pine | 850 | 900 | 875 |
| Pine in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 500 |
| Impregnated pine | 600 | 750 | 675 |
| Steel | — | — | 7850 |
| Liquid glass | — | — | 1480 |
| Window glass | 2420 | 2590 | 2505 |
| Mirror glass | — | — | 2700 |
| Various organic glass | 1180 | 1200 | 1190 |
| Fiberglass | 1900 | 2000 | 1950 |
| Wood shavings φ = 40 ° | 120 | 300 | 210 |
| Pressed wood shavings | 400 | 400 | 400 |
| Sulinok dry | 1600 | 1700 | 1650 |
| Sulinok wet | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Loess-like sulinok, humidity 15.8%, carbonate content 4.3-6.2% | 1410 | 1840 | 1625 |
| Dry sandy loam | 1600 | 1700 | 1650 |
| Sandy loam is wet | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Teak wood, humidity 10% | — | — | 730 |
| Tol | 500 | 600 | 550 |
| Air-dry peat, φ = 40 ° | 325 | 450 | 387.5 |
| Raw peat | 550 | 800 | 675 |
| Peat in briquettes in bulk, φ = 35 ° | — | — | 750 |
| Peat plywood | 200 | 260 | 230 |
| Peat crumb | — | — | 300 |
| Freshly cut grass and clover | 280 | 400 | 340 |
| Glued wood plywood | 600 | 700 | 650 |
| Bakelite waterproof wood plywood | 780 | 850 | 815 |
| Porcelain in a dense body | 2200 | 2400 | 2300 |
| Fiber | 1050 | 1450 | 1250 |
| Gypsum fiberboard | 500 | 700 | 600 |
| Magnesite fiberboard | 250 | 500 | 375 |
| Cement fiberboard | 250 | 600 | 425 |
| Aluminous cement in a loose state | 1000 | 1350 | 1175 |
| Aluminous cement in a compacted state | 1600 | 1900 | 1750 |
| Acid-resistant cement powder | 1300 | 1500 | 1400 |
| Portland cement in bags, stacked | 1300 | 1500 | 1400 |
| Cement Portland cement in bulk φ = 35 ° - φ = 40 ° | 1000 | 1400 | 1200 |
| Romanesque cement in bulk | 1300 | 1900 | 1600 |
| Sulfur cement | — | — | 2160 |
| Cement slag Portland cement | 1100 | 1250 | 1175 |
| Roofing tiles | 1800 | 2000 | 1900 |
| Artificial slate | 1800 | 2700 | 2250 |
| Blast furnace slag | 750 | 1100 | 925 |
| Blast furnace slag, granulated, basic | 400 | 1000 | 700 |
| Boiler slag | 700 | 1000 | 850 |
| Slag compacted | — | — | 400 |
| Crushed granite dry | 1700 | 1800 | 1750 |
| Crushed limestone | 1300 | 1600 | 1450 |
| Crushed brick | 1200 | 1500 | 1350 |
| Crushed pumice stone | 300 | 600 | 450 |
| Perlite crushed stone | 250 | 400 | 325 |
| Crushed tuff stone | 700 | 1000 | 850 |
| Wood chips in packs and bundles | 150 | 300 | 225 |
| Welding electrodes in boxes | 590 | 710 | 650 |
| Air-dry ash, humidity 10% | 700 | 750 | 725 |
| Raw ash | 800 | 800 | 800 |
| Freshly cut ash | 925 | 1000 | 962.5 |
| Pine in moisture-protected wooden structures | — | — | 700 |
| Rockwool insulation Fireplace BATTS | — | — | 110 |
| Insulation Rockwool Acoustic BATTS | — | — | 45 |
| Insulation Rockwool Acoustic BATTS PRO | — | — | 60 |
| Insulation Rockwool Flor BATTS | — | — | 125 |
| Insulation Rockwool Flor BATTS I | — | — | 150 |
| Rockwool insulation Caviti BATTS | — | — | 45 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS | — | — | 160 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS Extra | 143 | 154 | 148.5 |
| Insulation Rockwool RUF BATTS Extra top (dense) layer 15 mm | — | — | 210 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS Extra bottom layer | — | — | 135 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS OPTIMA | 123 | 136 | 129.5 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS OPTIMA top (dense) layer 15 mm | — | — | 200 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS OPTIMA bottom layer | — | — | 115 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS N | — | — | 115 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS B | — | — | 190 |
| Insulation Rockwool RUF BATTS S | — | — | 135 |
| Rockwool insulation RUF BATTS N LAMELLA | — | — | 115 |
| Rockwool BONDROCK insulation top layer | — | — | 210 |
| Rockwool BONDROCK insulation bottom layer | — | — | 135 |
| Rockwool insulation VENTI BATTS | — | — | 90 |
| Rockwool insulation VENTI BATTS OPTIMA | — | — | 75 |
| Rockwool insulation VENTI BATTS N | — | — | 37 |
| Rockwool insulation VENTI BATTS D | 52 | 62 | 57 |
| Insulation Rockwool VENTI BATTS D top layer 30 mm | — | — | 90 |
| Insulation Rockwool VENTI BATTS D bottom layer | — | — | 45 |
| Rockwool insulation FACADE BUTTS | — | — | 130 |
| Insulation Rockwool FACADE LAMELLA | — | — | 90 |
| Rockwool insulation PLASTER BUTTS | — | — | 90 |
| Insulation Rockwool INDUSTRIAL BATTS 80 | — | — | 80 |
| Insulation Rockwool FT BARRIER | — | — | 110 |
| Insulation Rockwool CONLIT SL 150 | — | — | 165 |
| Insulation Rockwool CONLIT PS 150 | — | — | 165 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF | 126 | 154 | 140 |
| Insulation TECHNOLITE EXTRA | — | — | 34 |
| Insulation TECHNOLITE OPTICS | — | — | 38 |
| Insulation TECHNOBLOCK STANDARD | — | — | 45 |
| TECHNOBLOCK OPTIMA insulation | — | — | 55 |
| Insulation TECHNOBLOCK PROF | — | — | 65 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT N | — | — | 36 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT N PROF | — | — | 45 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT EXTRA | — | — | 75 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT STANDARD | — | — | 80 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT OPTIMA | — | — | 90 |
| Insulation TECHNOVENT PROF | — | — | 100 |
| Insulation TECHNOFAS L | — | — | 80 |
| Insulation TECHNOFAS EXTRA | — | — | 90 |
| Insulation TECHNOFAS DECOR | — | — | 110 |
| Insulation TECHNOFAS OPTIMA | — | — | 120 |
| Insulation TECHNOFAS EFFECT | — | — | 131 |
| TECHNOFAS insulation | — | — | 145 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF 45 | — | — | 140 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF PROF | — | — | 160 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF PROF S | — | — | 160 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N EXTRA | — | — | 100 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N OPTIMA | — | — | 110 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N PROF | — | — | 120 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N30 | — | — | 115 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N35 | — | — | 120 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V EXTRA | — | — | 170 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V EXTRA S | — | — | 170 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V OPTIMA | — | — | 180 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V OPTIMA S | — | — | 180 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V PROF | — | — | 190 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V PROF S | — | — | 190 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF B60 | — | — | 180 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF B70 | — | — | 190 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N20 WEDGE | — | — | 115 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N30 VENT | — | — | 115 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF N35 VENT | — | — | 120 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF 45 GALTEL | — | — | 140 |
| Insulation TECHNORUF V60 GALTEL | — | — | 180 |
| TECHNOACUSTIC insulation | — | — | 42 |
| TECHNOFLOOR insulation | — | — | 110 |
| Porcelain tiles | 2400 | 2600 | 2500 |
| Linoleum | 800 | 1800 | 1300 |
| Laminate | — | — | 900 |
Convert from kg/m3 to kN/m3
Load safety factors γƒ
for the weight presented in the table above
Weight of 1 m2 of building materials
When creating the table, we used data from the reference book “Reference tables for weights of building materials” by E.V. Makarov, N.D. Svetlakov
Asphalt crumbs or crushed stone – what to choose
Another popular material for asphalting village roads is crushed stone. This coating is well suited for light traffic and also has high environmental friendliness. However, asphalt chips make it possible to build a higher-quality coating than bare compacted crushed stone. When building roads from asphalt crumbs, crushed stone is also used, but only for arranging the base. The performance characteristics of such a canvas will be significantly higher than crushed stone. How is asphalt chips better than simple crushed stone:
- The coating will be more durable;
- Asphalt granulate will provide high density of the web;
- Higher wear resistance;
- Longer service life;
- The road will be level and smooth, relative to crushed stone;
- More convenient for walking;
- Does not erode due to heavy rainfall;
Thus, asphalt chips are superior to crushed stone in all performance characteristics. Yes, crushed stone is more environmentally friendly, but we have already found out that asphalt crumbs are no more dangerous than clothing or waste paper.
Asphalt: historical facts
In Greek, “asphalt” means “mountain resin,” and the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians were involved in its extraction.
The unique astringent properties made asphalt a popular material for covering the surface of walls of buildings, roads, and giving strength to dishes. And how indispensable asphalt was in shipbuilding! After all, ancient boats and ships, whose hulls were impregnated with liquid asphalt, acquired exceptional moisture resistance. Interesting: today there are natural deposits of asphalt in North America, the former USSR and Europe. The most ancient source of asphalt is considered to be the Dead (or Asphalt) Sea.
conclusions
Asphalt crumbs (asphalt granulate) are one of the most popular materials for the construction of hard road surfaces and pedestrian areas. Of course, granulated asphalt is less durable than asphalt itself, but its cost is much lower. In those places where there is no need to use fresh asphalt concrete, asphalt crumbs are the best option. Having high performance characteristics, this material is superior to other coating options in its class. In other words, granulated asphalt, in comparison with analogues, is the highest quality and durable material for the construction of village or temporary roads, as well as parking lots, sidewalks, adjacent areas and other small areas. The only exceptions are roads that involve heavy traffic. Asphalt crumbs are made from asphalt that has been crushed. The composition of asphalt crumbs depends on what the asphalt concrete from which it was made consisted of. If the asphalt granulate was produced from a high-quality asphalt coating, then the performance characteristics of the crumb itself will be high. At the same time, fresh asphalt granulate, which is milled immediately after removing the asphalt layer and immediately delivered to the customer, will have the best quality. If asphalt crumbs have been stored in a warehouse for some time, their characteristics and cost are reduced.
How much does a cube of asphalt weigh?
Calculation of the mass of asphalt is always carried out for the purpose of planning work on the production of a road surface of a certain length. At the same time, the weight of 1 m3 of asphalt is influenced by the type of material used and the method of its production. As a rule, information on the mass of asphalt can be obtained from special tables or from the manufacturing plant, which will provide information on the specific gravity of different grades of material.
| How much does a cube weigh: | Unit volumetric mass measurements, kg/m3 | The number of kilograms in a cube is the mass of 1 cube |
| asphalt, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 1100 — 1500 |
| cold asphalt, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 1100 |
| removed asphalt, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 1428 |
| asphalt chips, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 1500 — 1900 |
| sand asphalt, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 2200 |
| asphalt concrete, weight 1 cube | kg/m3 | 2000 — 2450 |
As you can see, the weight of 1 cube of asphalt chips is greater than the weight of a cube of asphalt, and the mass of a cube of asphalt concrete significantly exceeds both indicators.
