Features of ready-made masonry cement mortar grade 100 (m100): characteristics, composition

Ready-made masonry cement mortar grade 100 is intended primarily for filling joints in walls, including load-bearing ones, made of heavy natural stone and large bricks. It can be purchased from most concrete manufacturers or made directly on the construction site from a special factory-made dry mixture, diluted with water. Grade M100 indicates the compressive strength of the hardened mortar on the 28th day after completion of work - not less than 100 kgf/cm² (10 MPa).

Component composition

Portland cement and Portland slag cement GOST 10178, pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements GOST 22266 of high strength grades M400 and M500 are used to prepare the masonry mixture of grade M100. Cement M100 and M200 are not used. The solution may contain fly ash, but not more than 20% by weight of the main binder.

Proportions of cement and sand in masonry mortar M100, depending on the humidity of the room (the mass of binder per 1 m³ of aggregate is indicated):

• dry - 100 kg;
• wet - 125 kg;
• wet - 175 kg.

In winter, anti-frost additives must be added to ready-to-use cement-sand mixtures. To improve the characteristics of the solution during application, plasticizers can be added to the composition. If necessary, use water-repellent additives. If the mixture is used for laying facades of residential buildings, shopping and office centers, etc., then dyes can be used. A colored solution will help give the walls an original appearance.

All of the listed components are added to dry mixtures during the production process. Depending on the availability and type of additives, there are special formulations - winter, colored, etc.

Composition of the finished mortar

The following basic ingredients are used to prepare it:

• cement is a binding substance. Among all its diversity, Portland cement 400 or 500 is used in the preparation of the M-100 grade;
• water . It should be free of impurities; it is better to use water supply or rainwater;
• quartz sand is present in the mixture as a filler. Its grain fractions should be no more than 2 mm.

But what is the density of M400 cement and where it is used is indicated here.

To improve softness and make the future solution plastic, special additives are introduced into it:

• lime is an additional binding element that extends the time of use of the finished solution. Thanks to it, the resulting composition spreads better and perfectly fills all the unevenness on the wall. Only slaked lime is used;
• mineral dyes are responsible for obtaining the required shade, this is especially important when tiles are laid on the mortar;
• Plasticizers provide the composition with the necessary properties. With their help, the delamination coefficient is reduced, moisture is retained better, ductility increases, and much more.

The video shows ready-made cement masonry mortar grade 100 and its characteristics:

But what should be the consumption per 1 m2 of cement-sand mixture will help you understand the information in the link.

To prepare a solution of the M-100 brand, you need to take all these components in certain proportions. Its strength will be affected by the size of the filler grains; the smaller they are, the better the solution will hold. An important factor is the location of sand extraction. Mostly purified mountain and river sand are used, but the latter is distinguished by the smooth surface of each grain of sand, and this reduces the adhesion of the solution to the surface.

M-100 mortar for plaster consists of cement and milk of lime, which increases the astringent properties of the mortar and improves its plasticity. For surfaces located in rooms with high humidity, a composition with high waterproofing properties is used. When carrying out construction work with such mixtures, before each use it is necessary to take into account the nature of the work being performed, the required plasticity and density.

It will also be useful to learn about how a cement-sand mixture is used for floor screed.

Technical characteristics of the M100 mixture

Properties of cement-sand masonry mixtures grade M100:

• viability in an open container - 1-2 hours;
• adhesion strength to the surface - up to 0.5 MPa;
• work temperature - +5...+25°С;
• operating temperature - -30…+40°С;
• volume of water per 1 kg of mixture - up to 0.23 l;
• masonry joint thickness - 10-15 mm;
• consumption per 1 m² with a thickness of 1 mm - up to 2 kg.

Characteristics of the hardened mortar

The main properties of M100 cement mortar on the 28th day after completion of masonry or installation work:

• average density - for light solutions up to 1500 kg/m², for heavy ones - from 1500;
• frost resistance - from F10 to F200 (from 10 to 200 freeze-thaw cycles without loss of properties);

Each manufacturer has its own exact values; the required ones are included in the construction project.

Characteristics of technical building material according to GOST

It is worth noting the characteristics of the finished masonry cement mortar grade 100.

This multi-component material is different from all others due to its ingredients. It is able to withstand various loads up to 100 kilograms per square meter.

Over time, this figure may even increase, since the material is constantly gaining strength and durability. In the initial stage, as the solution hardens, this occurs at an accelerated pace. In the future, this process slows down, but practically never ends.

According to the classification used in the world, cement mortar grade 100 belongs to class B7.5 . It has the following characteristics:

• water resistance from W6 to W8;
• mobility from Pk2 to Pk4;
• frost resistance from F50 to F200.

All technical characteristics of ready-made masonry cement mortar, both grades 100 and 150, are unique, which is why these materials have certain areas of application and possibilities of use.

Scope of application of M100 brand solution

In addition to its main purpose, cement masonry mortar M100 is suitable for use for the following purposes:

• grouting;
• installation of partitions, columns, partitions;
• pouring floor screed;
• filling joints between heavy panels, concrete blocks;
• plastering of concrete surfaces;
• installation of ordinary lintels up to 2.5 m high;
• installation of the underground part of the brick foundation;
• arrangement of flat roofs;
• laying tiles, mosaics.

Requirements for the solution

GOST 28013-98 specifies the required ratios of components and properties of construction mortar mixtures, including masonry cement grade M100:

• mobility - from Pk1 to Pk4;
• water-holding capacity - at least 90%, homogeneity depends on this parameter;
• stratification in freshly prepared mixtures - up to 10%;
• temperature - -10...+25°С depending on the air temperature at the construction site, wind speed and type of masonry (brick or stone); when using a mixture for installation work, the temperature should be +20...+35°С;
• humidity (only for dry mixtures) - up to 0.1% by weight.

The solution, ready for use, must be plastic.

Mobility

Mobility or workability is the ability of a building mixture to spread under its own weight. The required value for cement mortar grade M100 depends on the type of masonry:

• rubble vibrated - Pk1;
• rubble non-vibrated - Pk2;
• from hollow brick or warm ceramics - Pk3;
• from solid brick or ceramic stone - Pk4;
• installation of walls made of concrete blocks, panels - Pk2.

Component composition of ready-made masonry cement mortar grade 100

Like all types of materials, the component composition of ready-made masonry cement mortar grade 100 differs in the main basic ingredients and additional additives. The main components of the material, according to production methods, include :

• cement _ It is a binder that allows all parts of the solution to stick together. This could be cement GOST 30515 2013, GOST 31108 2003, or some other brand. Most often, manufacturers use this type of cement as Portland cement;
• they differ significantly from each other in their characteristics, so in most cases materials of grades 400 and 500 are used.

M-400

• quartz sand. This material acts as a solution filler, which occupies the largest amount of volume. Most often, manufacturers use sand whose grain fractions do not exceed 2 millimeters in diameter;

Quartz sand

• This material is first purified from additives and impurities that it may contain (both organic and clayey);
• water. A distinctive feature of cement mortar should be cleanliness. There should not be any impurities in the water, as they may react with other ingredients included in the material.

In addition to the above substances, the technical characteristics of the finished masonry cement mortar of grade 100 allow you to add some other components to it. Their volume is insignificant in contrast to their properties and functionality.

Impurities and additional additives are intended specifically to improve certain properties and parameters of the finished material, mainly improving them or changing them in accordance with further operating conditions.

The most popular cement mortar additives include :

• lime _ This component is used in the material as an additional binder to sand. Lime is intended to increase the useful life of the finished solution after adding water to it;
• This additive also affects the fluidity of the mass, which makes it easier to use and better fills all the unevenness. It should be noted that lime is used only in its slaked form;

Lime

• mineral dyes . These ingredients are intended only for the aesthetic function of the material. They can paint the solution in different colors or shades, so it can be used as a finishing compound, or under certain tiles, stones, etc.;

Mineral dyes

• plasticizers. These components of the solution help to significantly improve its characteristics, endowing the material with certain properties and capabilities. Plasticizers can serve as substances that reduce the separation coefficient, retain water, increase plasticity, etc.;

Plasticizer

• Thanks to such additives, working with the solution is significantly improved and simplified.

All components used in the solution must be added in certain proportions . If you change them in some way, you won’t be able to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the volume and mass fraction of all ingredients in the solution.

Transportation and storage

Dry mixtures for preparing masonry mortars M100 are transported in plastic bags or paper bags. A quality document is required. The shelf life of the mixture is 6 months. After its expiration, the grade of material in terms of compressive strength decreases. This composition is suitable for use, but only when installing structures with low load-bearing capacity requirements. The finished solution is delivered to the buyer in a car equipped with a concrete mixer, or less often in bunkers. It is used immediately.

Sale of mounting solution M-100

Prices for selling solutions

Some manufacturers and material costs

There are compounds on sale with a compressive strength of 10 MPa, but not marked for this parameter (price per 25 kg):

• Found Brickform MS 11 white and color - 310 rubles;
• Found Brickform MS 11/1 color with high water absorption - 360 rubles;
• Stroybrig Colored Kipirok - 215 RUR. and etc.

Ready-to-use cement masonry mortar M100 can be purchased from almost any company involved in the production of concrete. Price per 1 m³ - from 2500 rubles. The cost of materials is indicated for approximate calculation.

Calculator Solution-Online v.1.0

Calculation of the composition of mortar for brick (stone) laying and other masonry work. The calculator is based on data from SP82-101-98: Preparation of mortars. Implemented counting of batches in a concrete mixer and other containers.

Manufacturers and prices

To make life easier for builders, manufacturing plants offer them to purchase ready-made dry masonry mixtures, which are sold in 25 kg paper bags.

For comparison, we present the cost of ready-made solutions of M-100 cement in liquid form. They are delivered to the customer at the specified location using concrete mixers. The table summarizes several companies from different cities of Russia engaged in the production and delivery of M-100 cement.

*Explanations for the calculator

• The calculator can calculate the volume for both whole numbers and fractions. Example: volume of concrete 3m 3, volume of concrete 50 l (0.05 m 3).
• The calculator implements calculations for a mixture with mobility P3 (9-10 cm of cone slump) for cement-lime mortars (according to SP82-101-98). Water consumption for mixtures with different mobility is based on experimental batches. The mobility you need can be viewed in the “Mobility” field, which is automatically filled in when you select “Solution purpose”.

Algorithm for calculating the composition of a solution

Selection of solution composition for 1 m3 of sand

To implement the calculator, the data and calculation algorithm were taken from:

1. Determine the consumption of binder (cement) per 1 m3 of sand depending on the selected brand of mortar and brand of cement.

We determine the cement consumption per 1m3 of sand using the formula:

2. Determine the volume of lime per 1 m3 of sand using the formula:

where Qв

– consumption of binder (cement) per 1 m3 of sand, kg
Vd
– inorganic additive (lime) per 1 m3 of sand, m3.

We determine the mass of lime per 1m3 of sand using the formula:

where Qd

– consumption of additive (lime) per 1 m3 of sand (kg);
λ
– bulk density of additive (lime) kg/m3;

3. We make up the proportion of the volumetric parts of the solution

You can also use the table of ready-made proportions in volumetric ratios (Table 4 SP82-101-98)

4. Determine the water consumption per 1 m3 of sand.

The approximate water consumption in SP82-101-98 is shown for a mixture with mobility P3 (9-10 cm depth of cone settlement). This mobility according to GOST 28013-98 is suitable for masonry made of solid bricks and ceramic stones. Water consumption for other mixture mobility is determined as a result of trial batches. We can select the mobility we need depending on the purpose of the solution using the table presented in GOST 28013-98

Calculation of materials per 1m3 of solution

An example of counting materials for 1 batch and for 1 m3 of solution is shown in Appendix A SP82-101-98.

Requirements according to GOST 28013-98

This state standard provides for the separation of masonry mortars according to the following criteria:

• type of binding ingredient;
• composition density.

The last parameter divides all solutions into fatty and lean. In the first case, quartz sand must be used in the mixture, the requirements for which are specified in GOST 8736-93; in the second, the use of a porous component is provided.

The fatty composition is durable and contains a large proportion of GOST 30515 cement. But it has a disadvantage - it hardens quickly, so it must be used quickly, and over time, due to its strong structure, it can crack.

The skinny variety is not as durable as its counterpart because it contains more sand than cement. It is plastic and easily fills microcracks, and hardens slowly.

You may also be interested in information about the specific gravity of cement m500.

Also, GOST 28013 specifies the lower limit for cement consumption, which is 100 kg per 1 m3. According to this standard, a high-quality finished solution must have the following properties:

• waterproof so that the structure does not absorb moisture from the outside;
• adhesion , which provides reliable adhesion and high resistance to mobility of the materials being bonded;
• frost resistance . The solution must withstand from 50 to 1000 thawing and freezing. On the packaging of the mixture this indicator will be indicated with the letter F;
• strength . Its indicator is calculated in kgf/cm². In the M-100 cement grade, the letter indicates strength and the number indicates its value;
• interaction with other building materials . The negative influence of the solution is excluded;
• water retention and delamination . Their ratio in a fresh solution is 90 to 10;
• mobility - the ability of the cement composition to spread over the surface being treated and fill all the unevenness on it. It can be determined by a special metal projectile made in the form of a cone. It is immersed in the prepared solution, and based on the excess mixture remaining on it, a conclusion is drawn about its fluidity;
• plastic. The mixtures contain special plasticizers that replace water in the solution and enrich it with air bubbles. Due to them, the setting time of the composition increases, the appearance of mold and fungi, as well as shrinkage are eliminated.

When purchasing a solution, you can check its compliance with GOST, which stipulates the following symbols on the packaging:

• type of binder component;
• appointment of the composition;
• grades: strength, mobility and medium density;
• instructions of the state standard.

It will also be interesting to see what a plastering station for sand-cement mortar looks like and how it is used.

What determines cement consumption for different solutions?

The preparation of cement mortar, the proportions of which may differ, requires strict adherence to technology and the correct determination of the ratio of components. To use different grades of concrete, different amounts of cement and sand are used. Remembering the proportions of cement and sand is not enough for high-quality construction; it is better to understand the principle.

Requires strict adherence to the technology for preparing cement mortar

Main factors influencing consumption:

• the amount of fillers in the mixture. The greater the proportion of crushed stone and sand, the higher the cement consumption per 1 m3 of solution. Cement is the binder of the components, which is responsible for holding all the fillers together. The ratio of bulk mixtures determines the amount of cement;
• brand of cement. As the grade increases, the strength of the final structure increases. It is worth remembering that the grade of the final mixture is significantly lower than dry cement, since sand is added to the composition, and gravel or slag can also be added;
• brand of solution. The cement-sand mortar is also divided by grade. For all types of work, GOST has recommended brands. After determining the desired brand of construction mixture, you can choose the right brand of cement. For example, to obtain an M100 mixture from M500 cement, you will need to mix 1 part Portland cement, 5.8 parts sand and 8.1 parts crushed stone. If the final goal is M450 solution, a proportion of M500 cement (C:P:SH) will be required: 1:1.4:2.9;

The density of cement plays a secondary role here, since it directly depends on the brand of cement, but it is necessary to know it during the calculation process.

Conclusion: how much cement is required per 1 m3 of mortar depends on the required strength of the mortar and the brand of the initial mixture.

The density of cement directly depends on the brand of cement

Composition and proportions of concrete grades M 100 - M 450, table

To obtain high-quality ready-mixed concrete, it is necessary to strictly follow the concrete manufacturing technology, as well as adhere to general recommendations on the composition and proportions of concrete . In many ways, the composition of concrete depends on the purpose and responsibility of the future structure. For example, for the production of ready-mixed concrete grade M 100, less cement is consumed than for concrete grade M 450. As a conclusion, for each production of each grade, its own proportions of concrete . Firstly, this is due to the significant high cost of cement in relation to crushed stone and sand, and therefore it does not make sense to add the same amount of cement to the composition of concrete grade M-100 as when creating concrete grade M 450, since the purpose of these grades is different, concrete M 450 is capable of withstanding much greater loads than M 100 concrete, which is why the proportions of concrete are different.
Most often, ready-mixed concrete is made from cement grades M 400 and M 500 using sand, crushed stone and sometimes various additives, including anti-frost. When calculating the proportions of concrete, it is necessary to take into account many factors, for example, the fractions of sand and crushed stone, their density, the required qualities of the future concrete, namely frost resistance, water resistance, mobility and others. The table of concrete proportions shows average data.

Composition and proportions of concrete made from M-400 cement, sand and crushed stone, table

Concrete made from cement grade M 500, sand and crushed stone, table

Our company produces concrete from high-quality cement grade M 500. Ready-mix concrete produced by our company successfully passes all tests in the laboratory. When purchasing concrete from us, you can be sure that the composition of the concrete produced by our plant fully complies with state standards.

Compound

The selection of components for the concrete mass is carried out on the basis of GOST 7473-94. The provisions of this document provide for the following set of components:

• Cement powder. The best option is Portland cement grades M400 or M500. The lower the brand index, the greater the amount of binder you will have to take. Therefore, it is not economically advisable to use other brands: the gain from the low price for 1 bag is eaten up by the need to use more cement.
• Sand. GOST does not recommend taking material whose particle diameter is greater than 3.5 mm and less than 0.14 mm. Among all the varieties, river sand is best suited for mixing concrete mass: its particles have practically no sharp edges or pores.
• Gravel or crushed stone. Coarse aggregate should have particles no smaller than 20 mm and no larger than 70 cm in diameter. Preference should be given to hard rocks (marble, granite).

Both solid and fine aggregate should not contain debris, clay impurities, or organic contaminants. Ideally, before use, sand and crushed stone are sifted, then washed with a stream of water and dried.

In addition to the three main components, additives can be added to the solution (no more than 5% of the total amount of material). These substances give the solution additional plasticity (C-3), frost resistance (MB-10), accelerate crystallization (calcium and sodium salts) or, conversely, slow it down (Bitron type additives).

Types and brands of mixtures

The introduction of the concept of “cement grade” helps to calculate the cement consumption per cube of mortar if the input parameters are known. To prepare a mortar with the same construction characteristics from different brands of cement mixture, different proportions of fillers will be required. Cement is produced in production, starting from grade M100, but due to the low structural strength, the material is practically not used.

The most popular cements are M400 and M500, but some other types have also become widespread. The choice of mixture depends on the scope of application of the material.

The main areas of use of cement grade:

• M300 cement is used in installation construction, as well as during the manufacture of monolithic structures;
• M400 cement is successfully used in monolithic construction and during the preparation of reinforced concrete;
• M500 cement is actively used in the construction of buildings or slabs that must be resistant to moisture or located in water. The scope of application of this concrete mixture is quite wide: the creation of sidewalks, the construction of asbestos-cement structures, the formation of large concrete masses and all kinds of foundations;

M400 and M500 cements are the most popular

• M600 cement is used to create prefabricated structures and foundations that are subject to high loads;
• M700 is a suitable grade of cement for the construction of highly loaded and stressed structures.

Characteristics and technical properties of brands

This cementitious compound is a complex mixed mortar and therefore has special characteristics. The main one is strength. This composition is capable of withstanding a load of 100 kg/m3. It is noteworthy that it tends to change over time; its indicator, subject to favorable conditions, is constantly growing. In the initial stage this happens intensely, and then slows down a little. The strength can be adjusted by creating the required humidity and ambient temperature.

The M-100 grade solution corresponds to class B 7.5. Its parameters are determined by the following indicator limits:

• water resistance W6-W8;
• mobility Pk 2-Pk 4;
• frost resistance F50-F200.

But what is the true density of cement m500, you can read here.

Pouring concrete 200 - recommendations from professionals

Professional builders suggest concreting in compliance with the following recommendations:

• place the reservoir with the solution in close proximity to the work site;

In order for it to have the highest characteristics and greater strength, various additives are added to the mixture during its manufacture.

• pour from a height of no more than one meter to prevent delamination;
• use a chute to supply the mixture, which allows you to more accurately distribute the solution;
• prepare the concrete solution at a temperature of more than five degrees Celsius;
• concrete in one go, allowing breaks of no more than 2 hours;
• compact the array, especially in the locations of the reinforcement cage;
• Moisten the surface periodically.

Compliance with these rules will avoid cracks and ensure the quality of the monolith.

Material consumption rates per cubic meter of different solutions

Today there are 4 main areas of use of concrete: foundation, masonry, screed and plaster. In each case, special requirements are imposed on the building mixture, which makes the choice of cement and its consumption different. The greatest consumption of cement per cube of concrete occurs when it is necessary to make masonry or plaster. The consumption of materials per 1 m3 of foundation mortar is slightly lower due to the use of a large filler fraction: slag, crushed stone or gravel.

GOST has records of cement consumption rates per 1m3 of mortar, taking into account the purpose of the mortar. Designation of concrete per cubic meter. meters is a generally accepted system of measurement.

Cement consumption rates per 1 m3 of mortar Consumption rates per 1 m3 using M500 cement:

• on M100 – 170 kg;
• on M150 – 200 kg;
• on M200 – 240 kg;
• on M250 – 300 kg;
• on M300 – 350 kg;
• on M400 – 400 kg;
• on M500 – 450 kg.

Consumption rates for cement and sand per cube of foundation mortar

Calculating cement for a foundation calculator is the easiest way to understand how much material is required and the number of necessary components. Concrete calculations can be done with high accuracy and manually.

To determine how much cement is needed per 1 m3 of solution, we recommend following simple instructions:

Cement consumption rates for foundations

1. We determine the appropriate brand of cement mortar. Usually, when creating a foundation, it is advisable to use a solution of M100-M300. For low-level buildings, M100 is sufficient, if you plan to build several floors - M150, and M200 and higher are used in the construction of multi-story buildings and any structures that have increased strength requirements. If the foundation is being built for a wooden building, M50 mortar is sufficient.
2. We select the brand of cement. For standard tasks, M300-M400 is suitable in the proportion of cement to sand 1 to 3. When using cement M500 - 1 to 5.

How many kg of cement in 1 m3 of solution:

• in M50 when using M400 – 380 kg;
• in M100 when preparing concrete from M300 cement – ​​214 kg;
• in M200 with cement M400 – 286 kg;
• in M300 at M500 – 382 kg.

The data is presented if the cube contains 2-4 parts of sand and 3 parts of crushed stone.

Consumption rates of cement and sand per cube of masonry mortar

To prepare cement mortar for wall construction, a proportion of 1 to 4 is most often used. Thus, the cement consumption per cubic meter will be 0.25 m3 or 325 kg, and the sand consumption per 1 m3 of mortar will be 0.75 m3 or 1200 kg.

Cement consumption rates for masonry

To calculate how much mortar will be needed per 1 m3 of brickwork, it is important to take into account the thickness of the wall.

Table 1: Mortar consumption for walls of different thicknesses

To calculate how many bags of cement are needed, just multiply 325 kg by the consumption per cubic meter, for example, walls of one brick - 0.221. You will get 72 kg of cement for laying 1 m3 of wall, provided that the composition does not contain other components (lime, clay, etc.).

Application

Concrete mass of grade M200 (strength class B15) belongs to the group of heavy concrete. This brand is widely used in construction:

• Pouring foundations (both monolithic and strip) for the construction of low-rise residential buildings, public and industrial buildings.
• Production of reinforced concrete products: curb stones, FBS blocks, road slabs, flights of stairs, etc.
• Arrangement of paths in gardens and parks, sidewalks, etc.
• Pouring a floor screed (to learn how to make a concrete floor screed with your own hands: read the article here).
• Construction of blind areas around buildings.
• Construction of monolithic walls (including load-bearing ones).

This variety of applications for the M200 brand is due to its high strength and performance characteristics. Let's look at them in more detail to better understand what you can expect from M200 concrete.

How to do it yourself?

Making concrete is possible in two ways - manually and in a concrete mixer. Manual kneading instructions:

• Pour sand into a clean container of the required volume.
• Pour Portland cement on top, mix the dry mixture until a substance is uniform in color and consistency.

• Pour water into the container, mix, add liquid in small portions until a viscous mass or liquid solution is obtained, depending on the purpose of the material. The finished mixture should not contain lumps or undissolved clumps of cement/sand.
• Add gravel or crushed stone to the concrete and mix until the stones are evenly distributed. The mixture can be diluted with a small amount of water to increase plasticity.

The manual method is cheap, does not require the use of special equipment, and is used when there is no electricity at the site. However, the technology is very labor-intensive, so it is used mainly for the preparation of small volumes of concrete products (private construction, amateur production of reinforced concrete products, production or repair of paving slabs, paths).

If you need to prepare a large amount of solution, it is advisable to use a concrete mixer. Equipment can be purchased or rented; the production procedure is as follows:

• Pour water into the drum, add cement and mix slowly until gray cement laitance appears. After this, the drum should spin non-stop.
• Add sand and crushed stone inside and mix for 3-4 minutes.
• At the end, add another 1-2 liters of water to create optimal viscosity and uniform consistency. The finished solution can be used for finishing or pouring into formwork.

The solution prepared in different ways differs in the speed and characteristics of hardening. When mixing by hand, the mixture must be used immediately, because after 25-0 minutes it begins to separate, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the finished product. The solution prepared in a concrete mixer is suitable for pouring within 60 minutes after complete mixing.