Drainage trays - basic information and selection principle

The irrigation system, drainage of storm water and snow melt water includes a product - a reinforced concrete drainage tray. With the help of concrete trays and the corresponding infrastructure, irrigation and drainage systems transport a useful or harmful product - irrigation or waste water to fields, storm or sewer collectors.

Purpose and design features

Concrete drainage trays are universal elements that are in demand in residential, road, industrial and engineering construction to implement a number of functions. Prefabricated structures in the form of blocks are designed to drain and collect storm water runoff. At the same time, culverts based on products are implemented in such a way as to ensure the movement and drainage of liquid by gravity. The main function of reinforced concrete products is to protect objects located on the territory or in the immediate vicinity in the form of buildings, structures and communications from the harmful effects of sedimentary and groundwater, which can cause flooding and destruction.

Unified drainage trays, made in the form of a U-shaped, trapezoidal or parabolic profile, representing a gutter. The shape of each tray corresponds to its purpose. Depending on the design features, two types of products are distinguished:

• telescopic;
• edge.

Drainage tray products, depending on their purpose, are divided into categories:

• sewer elements - carry out the function of transporting liquid to collector systems or sewers for subsequent discharge;
• drainage type trays - products installed in the ground and basement floors, foundations of buildings and structures, the goals and objectives of which include the collection of drainage water;
• telescopic products - trays that provide drainage of groundwater, running water, and rainwater from slopes and bridges;
• culvert-type elements – sections of utility channels designed to drain water by gravity;
• edge elements are prefabricated parts of drainage communications that implement the function of moisture transit from railways, roads, and pedestrian roads in the direction of ditches.

The standard tray length is 6000 mm. The shortened elements have a length of 3000 mm. in this case, the width of the products can vary from 570 mm to 2460 mm with a height from 360 mm to 1320 mm. Dimensions and dimensions, shapes and tolerances for drainage trays are regulated by the requirements of regulatory documentation Series 3.503.1-66.

All types of trays are used in conjunction with plates or gratings that are installed on top of the product. Blind slabs make it possible to ensure complete tightness of the channel channel and to implement the location of drainage systems under sidewalks, roads, crossings, and other objects. The gratings are designed to collect storm and rainwater, providing the necessary throughput and protective function. The grating windows help prevent large objects and branches from entering the drainage channels of drainage communications, which can create a blockage and cause the channel to fail.

Cross-country ability calculation

Typically, the calculation is carried out by designers, and this document is part of the overall design of the surface drainage system. The calculation is complex; it requires selecting special values ​​of certain coefficients from tables.

But there is a so-called simplified calculation, consisting of one formula. It uses three indicators that are multiplied among themselves:

1. F is the area of ​​the territory from which rain and melt water will be collected into the drainage system. It is measured in hectares (Ha).
2. q20 – precipitation intensity coefficient. Rain is usually taken into account. The value of this indicator differs by region. For example, in Moscow – 80, in St. Petersburg – 60. The value is in a table.
3. φ – absorption coefficient. This refers to absorption by the material from the surface of which water is drained into the trays. For example, from asphalt paths or platforms the coefficient is 0.95. From the ground – 0.4. The denser the material, the higher the coefficient and the lower the water absorption. From them, more water will flow into the gutters, which means their cross-section should also be larger.

After multiplying the data, the value of the volume of water that the surface drainage trays can contain and be moved by gravity to its destination is obtained. Next, in a special table, find the brands of gutters that correspond to the result obtained.

Production

The production of drainage trays is carried out using formwork technology in the workshops of manufacturing plants. Reinforcement is used to strengthen unified elements. Initially, a steel frame is made, which can be based on rods of classes A-III and A-I in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation GOST 6781-82 or a mesh based on wire VpI. in accordance with GOST 6727-80. The frame is placed in a mold and filled with a solution, which uses heavy concrete with compressive strength grades from B15 to B35. Materials such as granite chips and sand are used as filler. The solution is compacted for uniform distribution in shape and removal of air layers due to vibration devices and is dried in special chambers at a given temperature. For lifting and moving during loading and unloading, as well as work on installation of products, tray modules are equipped with mounting loops, for which class A-I fittings are used. After drying, the trays are removed from the molds. At the technical control stage, products are checked for the absence of defects and the presence of protruding reinforcement. Ultrasonic flaw detectors are used to detect microcracks and other types of flaws.

Classification

There are several parameters on which the classification of trays is based. And the first class is usually the load that the gutters must withstand. This is an important parameter on which the service life of the drainage system depends.

There are six groups:

1. A15. Not the most durable model. Therefore, trays of this type are laid along pedestrian areas, around areas of private houses, sports grounds, inside public gardens, and along bicycle routes.
2. B125. A more powerful design that is installed along roads with low traffic volumes. It is important that only passenger cars and not the heaviest vehicles travel on these highways.
3. C250. Drainage trays can be installed along roads where traffic intensity is average. They are also installed inside car services and car washes.
4. D400. Intended for industrial zones and highways along which vehicles of different classes travel. At the same time, the traffic intensity is maximum.
5. E600. Factories, factories, warehouses, loading terminals.
6. F900. Airfields and airports.

Classification of surface drainage trays by load

The second parameter by which trays for surface drainage are classified is slope. It is clear that water can move through channels by gravity if they are located at a certain angle. For a surface drainage system, the slope is 7-10 mm per meter of drainage line length.

Manufacturers today offer two types of trays:

• straight;
• with a slope inside.

The first ones have to be set at the required angle, which is not always easy, especially in areas with uneven terrain. That is, each gutter is mounted with an inclination towards drainage.

The second are ready-made products, inside of which the cavity is made with a slope. Such trays are installed on a flat surface.

It is necessary to note that the angle of inclination of the surface drainage system is an important engineering indicator. If it does not comply with the parameters indicated above, then the drainage network simply will not function. The water in the gutters will stagnate and dirt will accumulate.

And the third parameter by which surface drainage trays are classified is the raw material.

Concrete trays

These products are manufactured in accordance with GOST number 32955-2014. This regulatory document clearly states that a tray of this type is equipped with a grate made of gray cast iron of the SCh-20 grade. At the same time, there are much more design types here than in other model ranges.

Concrete channels can be:

• U or U-shaped;
• slotted;
• ring;
• curbs and others.

They can be produced both at concrete factories and directly at the construction site at the place of installation. The latter are called monolithic. The main thing is to use reinforced concrete of a grade not lower than M300.

In this case, other characteristics of the mixture must be taken into account. Namely:

• water resistance – no less than W8;
• frost resistance – no less than F300.

Working with concrete mortar is difficult, but not difficult in terms of obtaining the required product, no matter how complex it is in shape and size.

This GOST does not strictly regulate the dimensional parameters of products. Therefore, they are represented quite widely on the market. Eg:

• length within 400-4000 mm;
• height from 200 mm and above;
• width is not defined.

Some manufacturers offer tray sizes that differ from GOST standards. And this is not prohibited by law, because non-standard solutions sometimes help improve drainage system designs.

Concrete surface drainage channels

Polymer sand trays

Products of this type use polymer as a binder. Most often these are ester resins or high-density polyethylene. That is, the solution includes a binder polymer material and filler: sand, stone chips and others.

The technology for manufacturing surface drainage trays of this type is complex and labor-intensive, so the price is higher in comparison with other models.

The correct choice of polymer type affects the technical and operational characteristics of gutters. It's all about the source material itself.

There are two types of polymer:

• saturated, which includes polyethylene;
• unsaturated – these include essential resins.

The difference is that the first has fewer intermolecular bonds than the second. Hence the low adhesive properties. That is, the adhesion of polyethylene to the same sand is poor. This leads to delamination of concrete during operation. This happens especially quickly at the ends of the trays. It is in these areas that they crack.

Therefore, when choosing trays for surface drainage made from sand concrete, it is better to purchase those that contain ether resins as a binder.

Polyethylene is a material that cannot withstand high temperatures. It has low heat resistance. At a temperature of +60 ℃ it begins to lose its strength characteristics. Therefore, in the southern regions, where the temperature of the road surface reaches +80 ℃, it is prohibited to install trays of this type.

In addition, under the influence of ultraviolet sunlight, the polymer undergoes thermal aging. Scientifically, this process is called thermal-oxidative destruction. Under its influence, the material is destroyed. Many manufacturers, in order to avoid all these troubles, increase the sand content in the solution. This helps, but the density of the mixture decreases, which means its strength.

Polymer sand tray

Polymer concrete trays

One of the varieties of concrete products. But instead of cement, polymer is used here, hence the name. Ester resins are usually used as a binder, but epoxy is still more often used. This material gives products certain qualities and properties. Here are some of them:

• low specific gravity;
• smooth surface, which increases water permeability;
• zero water absorption;
• belongs to load class A15-C25.

Manufacturers today offer polymer concrete trays for surface drainage in different sizes:

• standard length - 1 m, larger or smaller sizes are rarely found;
• width varies in the range of 138-248 mm;
• height – 60-243 mm.

Depending on the dimensional parameters, the weight of the gutters is from 6.3 to 13.4 kg.

The characteristics of this type of trays have made them popular. Their advantages:

1. The weight of the trays is light, which makes their installation simple. No heavy lifting equipment required.
2. Strength is high due to the absence of mineral impurities. Even point loads cannot break polymer concrete channels.
3. Maintenance is carried out much less frequently. The reason is the smooth surface.
4. Easily tolerate low temperatures.
5. Increased inertness to aggressive environments.
6. Service life - at least 30 years.

Polymer concrete gutters for surface drainage, just like concrete ones, are produced in accordance with GOST 32955-2014. The document specifies which polymers and other components need to be used in the technology.

Synthetic resins used:

• polyester;
• furano-epoxy;
• methyl;
• furfural acetone.

The resins themselves cannot exhibit astringent functions. Hardeners are added to them:

• polyethylene polyamine;
• benzenesulfonic acid;
• isopropylbenzene and others.

About fillers - crushed stone 8-20 mm in size and sand of medium or coarse fraction.

Polymer concrete tray with cast iron grate

Plastic trays

There is no GOST that would define the technology for the production of products of this type. Therefore, manufacturers use technical specifications (TS), which they develop themselves, taking into account their own technical and technological realities of production. This document also passes all authorities, like the state standard. That is, it is the law for production.

But there is GOST, which determines the quality of the raw materials used. Its number is 26996-86. That is, if the manufacturer used a polymer that complies with this regulatory document, then the final product is of high quality.

Plastic surface drainage trays have many advantages:

1. Low price compared to other models.
2. Low specific gravity, which reduces the cost and complexity of the installation process.
3. They are easy to process. For example, a plastic gutter can be easily cut to the required length, which is impossible to do with other analogues.
4. Their design contains stiffening ribs that maximize strength. And this characteristic is not inferior to concrete analogues.
5. Service life – more than 50 years.
6. Withstands temperatures ranging from -40℃ to +95℃.
7. They do not change their qualities and properties under the influence of sunlight and aggressive environments.
8. A smooth surface creates conditions for maximum water permeability, which is important for a surface drainage system.

One of the disadvantages is not the highest strength compared to concrete or metal channels. But under operating conditions, it is unlikely that surface drainage will be affected by serious loads that would damage the polymer product.

Manufacturers today offer different models depending on possible loads. Therefore, you need to choose correctly, taking this indicator into account.

However, surface-type polymer drainage trays are not recommended for installation in areas subject to high loads. For example, in an industrial production area or an airport. And for household use this is a good option. It will last for many years without problems.

Plastic trays in a surface drainage system

Fiberglass trays

This is a type of polymer product. The raw material used is polypropylene, which contains fiberglass. The latter serves as a reinforcing frame, hence the increased strength. Therefore, trays of this type can be used for surface drainage systems located in areas with high load.

All the advantages of plastic are present in these models. They are inferior in strength to concrete ones, so they try not to install them near airports and military bases. Trays of this type belong to classes A15-E600. Ordinary plastic ones - for A15-C250.

Metal trays

More precisely, it must be said that this category includes trays that are installed inside objects where, due to technological necessity, it is necessary to collect industrial waste. Therefore, gutters are made of stainless steel. Such a surface drainage system is called linear. And they install it in rooms with a large area.

Stainless steel trays are made from sheets with a thickness of either 1.5 or 2 mm AISI 304. If the load on the drainage system does not exceed 2 tons, then use the first option; if it exceeds, then the second.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing trays of this type:

• section, which is based on the width of the product (A);
• width for the grille, it is called landing (B);
• installation width (C);
• channel depth (N).

Parameters of stainless steel channels

These chutes are mainly used in the following industrial plants:

• processing of animals, fish, poultry;
• places of their slaughter;
• milk processing;
• production of liquid drinks of any kind;
• production of confectionery products;
• pharmaceuticals;
• chemical plants;
• catering kitchens;
• showers and swimming pools.

The standard length of the trays is 2 m. But at the request of the customer, they are made in longer lengths.

Stainless steel drainage system

Manufacturers today offer a surface drainage system of the so-called slot type. It can be installed not only indoors, but also outdoors. Design features make it possible to operate such gutters without a grate.

Installation of stainless steel trays is carried out using bolted connections with the installation of sealing gaskets. If the assembly is carried out correctly, then two parameters can be equalized: the load on the trays with the loads on the surface.

Advantages of stainless steel channels:

• long service life;
• no metal corrosion;
• anti-vandal design;
• easy to clean and hygienic;
• aesthetic appearance.

Marking features

The marking of reinforced concrete trays is based on a alphanumeric code, which contains information about the purpose of the products and overall dimensions. The letter “L” in the first register of the designation indicates a tray, “B” is assigned to blocks of telescopic modules. Products manufactured in accordance with the documentation of Series B3.300.1-504 are marked “LB”. In this case, the letter “L” can be expanded with additional indices reflecting the specifics of the elements:

• LU – corner trays;
• LT – brand of heating products;
• LPO – tray overlap modules equipped with a hole;
• LDO – base blocks of the bottom of tray structures.

The design features of the tray element are indicated by the last index, which can mean:

U – a type of reinforced structure;

I – ribbed version;

K – products for sewerage systems.

Product marking

The standard marking of trays is the letter “L” and two numbers. One of them shows the serial number (up to 38), the second - the maximum load indicators in kN/m. But now there are also foreign products on the market, made according to the standards of other countries. They may be marked differently:

• DN is a value indicating how wide the tray is from the inside (in mm). If there are two numbers separated by a fraction, the second shows the depth of the gutter.
• L – sectional length. It can be from half a meter to three meters, but the standard option is a meter. Occasionally there are very long trays - up to six meters.
• B – outside width of the product. Depends on the internal value and wall thickness. The figure can reach 190 cm.
• H – height of the tray walls. Maximum – 150 cm.

Weights are indicated depending on which metric system the country of manufacture uses.

Installation and Installation

The design of drainage trays allows you to build a single drainage system based on standardized elements during the installation process. In this case, some of its components may be intended for the collection and transit of wastewater, while others may be designed to drain moisture into the sewer or to the designated drainage point. The process of installing reinforced concrete blocks is carried out on a previously prepared surface, which is subject to leveling and compaction.

To prevent soil subsidence and changes in position, a cushion of crushed stone or sand is formed and special embeds are installed. Installation density is achieved by minimizing expansion joints. During installation work, slinging of products is carried out using special eyes using special equipment and lifting mechanisms. At the final stage, the trays can be covered with slabs or gratings in accordance with the design documentation. In some cases, trays are used open.

To ensure the tightness of drainage channels after connection, the trays are treated with waterproofing coatings. At joints and expansion joints, the elements are connected and opened with bitumen mastics, which prevent leaks.

Pros and cons of reinforced concrete products

Due to its large weight, the tray will not move when the soil heaves.
The main advantages of reinforced concrete LVCS include:

• frost resistance;
• strength;
• resistance to significant loads and temperature changes;
• anti-corrosion properties;
• safety for human health and the environment;
• moisture resistance;
• budget price.

The ability to withstand corrosion and other external influences increases service life to several decades. The products are not afraid of temperature fluctuations, which allows them to be installed in regions with any climate - in the far north and hot south.

Drainage products do not require special care - periodic cleaning of accumulated leaves and branches is sufficient. The products are made with a smooth surface, which facilitates the free passage of debris. They can be installed on soft soils with highly located underground sources.

The disadvantage is the significant weight of the product. It increases the cost of transportation. Also, due to the heaviness of the gutters, special equipment will be rented during installation. Because of this indicator, it is especially difficult to install a tray chain on moving soils. However, the large mass for hydraulic drainage structures also has an advantage: even a poorly secured tray will never be washed away by a stream of water.

The cost depends on the size, technical parameters and strength. Prices for open concrete drainage trays start from 200 rubles, products with cast iron grates are more expensive - from 900 rubles. For comparison, polymer concrete trays cannot be found for less than 1,200 rubles. A product with steel reinforcement will cost from 3,500 rubles.

Application area

Drainage trays are used in various spheres of human activity, during the design and construction of:

• residential multi-storey real estate;
• industrial buildings: workshops, administrative and utility complexes;
• bridge structures;
• roads and railways;
• low-rise suburban real estate;
• gardening areas and landscaped areas;
• retail and warehouse premises, hangars;
• stadiums and open sports arenas, grounds;
• agricultural objects;
• large stores, hypermarkets, social infrastructure facilities;
• special purpose objects: mines, hydraulic structures, bunkers, etc.

The design of drainage trays allows them to be used to protect communications in the form of cold and hot water supply pipelines and the transit of other energy carriers.

Drainage Product Standards

Concrete drainage products must comply with the existing European standard EN 1433, which defines their type, operating conditions, marking and maximum load. All products are assigned a specific class corresponding to the maximum weight affecting the product:

• Class A15 - maximum weight 1.5 tons.
• Class B125 - maximum weight 12.5 tons.
• Class C250 - maximum weight 25 tons.
• Class D400 - maximum weight 40 tons.
• Class E600 - maximum weight 60 tons.
• Class F900 - maximum weight 90 tons.

Precast concrete drainage trays are produced in two categories:

1. Standard series - products can withstand a constant load of 1.5-25 tons. Products in this category are used for pedestrian and automobile pavements, parking lots, and roads with narrow (up to 50 cm) shoulders.
2. Reinforced series - elements can withstand loads of 40-90 tons. These are very durable trays used on all types of road surfaces, airfields, industrial workshops, and loading and unloading areas.

You can find out what plastic drainage trays with grates are from another article.

The drainage system is important for protecting the walls of the building and the blind area from moisture. Read about how to make gutters from sewer pipes with your own hands on our website.

Read about where a plastic drainage well is used at https://okanalizacii.ru/drenazh/plastikovyj-drenazhnyj-kolodec.html

Advantages

Elements of drainage structures in the form of reinforced concrete unified trays have earned high popularity and are widely used due to the successful combination of a number of advantages that characterize their capabilities. Among them:

• high strength of products;
• affordable price;
• extending the service life of real estate, objects that are not affected by flooding;
• ample opportunities for designing systems with different throughputs;
• versatility. Reinforced concrete products are used both in the construction of drainage and drainage channels, and in the laying of various communications systems, performing a protective function;
• possibility of use in areas with high seismic activity;
• tightness of engineering structures;
• simplicity and high speed of installation work;
• unpretentiousness and ease of maintenance;
• high durability of structures;
• high resistance of elements to extreme temperature influences;
• maintainability. If necessary, over time, any element of the engineering communication culvert system in the form of a tray can be replaced with a new one;
• high level of moisture resistance and frost resistance, allowing the products to be used in cold climates, as well as when exposed to aggressive environments;
• a safety margin that allows you to withstand static and dynamic loads for a long time throughout the entire service life;

Manufacturing features and materials

Characteristics of materials
When creating concrete products, two methods are used. This is vibration casting or vibrocompression. In the first case, concrete is compacted during the process of pouring the form by exposure to vibration. In the second, the parts are compacted with a special press. Such products are stronger because the pressure of the press eliminates possible cavities and air bubbles in the thickness of the concrete. This eliminates the risk of internal splits.

To improve resistance to loads, special plasticizing agents and additives are added to the concrete mixture. Additives that involve air and are not afraid of sulfates make the trays resistant to temperature changes and the negative effects of moisture.

Reinforced concrete trays are reinforced with steel rods and made of cement grades no lower than M500. The products are durable, resistant to stress, but very heavy. Their weight can reach up to 2.5 tons. However, such trays are necessary in places with high traffic of heavy vehicles.

Instead of steel, fiberglass reinforcement or polypropylene fiber are now used. They provide the required strength and increase anti-corrosion qualities. Such a product weighs less than reinforced concrete products, but costs less. Thanks to fiberization, shrinkage deformation is also reduced and resistance to bending load increases.

Despite the rather high cost, polymer concrete products are in demand. They are characterized by a mixed composition of concrete mortar and molten plastic. Such gutters are durable, strong and wear-resistant, and are not afraid of exposure to aggressive environments.

The simplest are small sidewalk trays (outflows). They are created from a simple sand concrete mortar of low grades, without reinforcement or fiber. Such products weigh a little - up to 3 kg, but do not last long.

Selection of drainage trays

The process of selecting drainage trays for a particular structure involves the analysis of a number of key factors and technical characteristics. Initially, it is necessary to determine the type of system and select the necessary types of elements in the form of sewer, drainage, edge, culvert or telescopic products. In this case, it is necessary to assess the condition of the soil in the area being equipped, determine the degree of its mobility, the depth of freezing, and establish the presence and level of groundwater. An important aspect when planning and drawing up a project is the topography of the original soil, which determines not only the technical characteristics of the future system, but also the places where moisture accumulates, which must be equipped with drainage elements. The anchor points of the project are the places of water discharge and moisture collection. At the same time, the dimensions and dimensions of the trays directly depend on the maximum level of storm and groundwater. The channel capacity is selected with a reserve, which subsequently makes it possible to ensure the functioning of the drainage in case of minor blockages of the channels. The project provides for the arrangement of elements in depth relative to the zero point, indicating the need to use an additional waterproofing coating. In the case of laying tray elements under roads, all types of dynamic and static loads created by the soil layer, as well as moving vehicles, are taken into account.

Features of choosing concrete trays for water drainage

Concrete tray for water drainage

In order to properly arrange storm drainage, you need to make correct calculations not only of the entire system, but first of all, of the drainage trays. After all, if they cannot cope with the flow of water, then there is no point in their construction.

The drainage tray has a variety of sizes. In each specific case, it is worth using a product with certain parameters. The tray size is calculated using a simple formula:

Tray calculation formula

Where:

Explanation of the formula for calculating drainage trays

The resulting value, design and material from which the tray is made are the main criteria that you should rely on when choosing such products. If you find it difficult to make calculations, contact a company specializing in the sale of drainage systems and their installation. Experienced staff will help resolve such issues.

What does the diameter of the drainage system affect and what does it depend on?

Proper calculation of the diameter is a key factor that affects the efficiency of the structure and its ability to perform its assigned functions. The larger d, the better the throughput capacity of the gutter and pipe, but the price also increases.

Such a wide “range” of diameter and its choice depend on the following points:

• Water collection areas
• Schemes for the placement of drain points and their number (loaded and unloaded drain scheme)

Collection area

To calculate this parameter for one gutter, use the formula:

S= L (a+b/2), where

L – length of the roof along the ridge;

a – projection onto the horizontal plane of the roof slope from which precipitation flows;

c – roof height.

Let's give an example. Roof data:

• Height – 2 m.
• Length – 10 m.
• Projection width – 5 m.

Therefore, using the formula, we will perform the calculation: S= 10(5+2/2)=60 m2.

Placement of drain points

With a sufficient number of drain points, i.e. with an unloaded system, you can choose drainage parameters - 125/100 mm with a roof area of ​​100 sq. m. m.

The exact number of drain points depends on the diameter of the gutter. The data is presented in the table.

S, sq. m	d gutters, mm	d pipes, mm
Up to 79	90	75
More than 100	125	100

With a loaded scheme (drainage system to one funnel) - 150/120 mm with a roof area of ​​100 sq. m.

A loaded system requires the use of oversized dimensions. The data is presented in the table.

Area, sq.m	d gutters, mm	d pipes, mm
Up to 42	75	63
Up to 52	100	80
Up to 75	125	100
Up to 100	150	120

When choosing, it is better to choose elements with a larger d, which reduces the risk of contamination or the formation of an ice crust. It is important that all elements are from the same manufacturer, this will help to avoid errors in calculations and installation.

What to look for when choosing

When choosing, we recommend paying attention to:

• Precipitation rates for a specific region.
• Roof area.
• The specifics of the building's architecture.
• Roof slope.

According to the requirements of DIN 18460-1989, the diameter of the drainage system pipe is selected based on the roof area and water throughput. The data is presented in the table.

Roof area, m2	Water throughput, l/s	Drainpipe
		d, mm	Cross section, cm2
40	1,2	60	28
60	1,8	70	38
86	2,6	80	50
156	4,7	100	79
253	7,6	120	113
283	8,5	125	122
459	13,8	150	177

To calculate the number of drainage pipes, use the following option: 1 pipe per 50 m2 of roof slope area, the distance between them should not exceed 10 m. In the case of diameter, there is 1.5 mm2 of pipe cross-sectional area for each square meter of roof area.

Concrete and reinforced concrete trays

Concrete trays are widely used in almost all areas of construction, incl. and in private. The products are produced in different sizes and fit well with paving slabs.

pros:

• high strength comparable to cast iron products;
• low price;
• durability;
• relatively simple installation, even despite the weight of the products;
• the possibility of use with an aggressive composition of wastewater, however, when purchasing it will be necessary to specify the brand of concrete used, since some of them can literally dissolve under the influence of certain substances.

Minuses:

• weight, which complicates transportation;
• sensitivity to shocks, therefore transportation is carried out with extreme caution;
• the need to use special cutting equipment.

The throughput capacity of concrete gutters is average, since the material has an imperfectly smooth surface, and dirt particles can gradually settle on it.

It offers a wide range of drainage trays. On sale are products made of concrete, composite concrete, polymer concrete, plastic and fiberglass, as well as point drainage and drainage for facades and terraces. The company's employees will help you choose the most suitable products.

Polymer concrete trays

Polymer concrete trays combine the advantages of plastic and concrete products, but they are rarely used, which is associated with a fairly high cost. Products are made from plastic, sand and additives.

pros:

• smooth inner surface;
• durability up to 30 years;
• relatively light weight (less than concrete), therefore transportation and installation are easier;
• sufficient strength and wear resistance.

Minuses:

• price;
• the need for special equipment for installation.

Permissible load

Depending on the permissible load on the tray, they are divided into the following groups:

• A15 - trays that are installed in places with low mechanical and storm loads. Suitable for the local area in a country house, for garden paths, sports grounds;
• B125 - more durable products, suitable for installation along roads along which passenger cars travel;
• C250 can withstand even heavier loads and can be used in a car service center and car wash;
• D 400 – trays that can withstand the load from a vehicle of any weight, therefore they are suitable for installation on any roads, as well as in industrial zones;
• E600 are used near industrial enterprises and warehouses;
• F 900 are the most powerful trays that are necessary for equipping airports and military facilities.

Plastic trays belong to group A15-C250, fiberglass - A15-E600, and concrete and cast iron products can withstand maximum loads.

Calculation of drain diameter

For pipes

The primary parameter that must be taken into account when calculating the diameter of external drainage pipes is the roof area. If there are several slopes on the roof, the indicators of individual sections are added up to obtain the total value. The angle of inclination and area of ​​the roof will help determine the volume of all water flowing from the roof.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the maximum level of precipitation characteristic of a particular region. You can use reference books on the Internet that provide data on average and maximum precipitation for a specific area.

To calculate the working section, use the ratio 1 sq. cm section / 0.75-1 sq.m of roof. Next, the results are refined taking into account information about precipitation.

For example, if the pipe has d=100mm, it can be installed for a roof with an area of ​​75-100 sq.m. And with d=200 mm it can be used on a roof area of ​​150-200 sq.m.

In addition, the following features must be taken into account:

• To calculate the cross-section of the gutter, the angle of inclination is taken into account, on which the height of the sides of the channel depends. The minimum acceptable value of the parameter is 120 mm.
• The number of gutters depends on the perimeter of the cornice.
• Previously, pipe sizes were fixed by GOST. However, after the introduction of foreign-made products into the Russian market, other standard sizes appeared, so choosing the optimal one will not be difficult.