What types of one-and-a-half bricks are there and where are they used?

One and a half brick - its size is determined by the name itself. Its size, weight and other parameters are between single and double. The fact that all building materials are strictly standardized does not raise a shadow of doubt in anyone's mind. Otherwise, it is basically impossible to build a beautiful, cozy, and most importantly safe house.

One-and-a-half bricks have high strength and low price, so they are often used in construction.

There is a standard for every type of building material. For example, brick has its own special standard, combined with ceramic stone. This association is made not only according to its functional purpose, but also according to the main material. This standard applies to 7 countries at once. It regulates what parameters a brick has - size, weight, composition.

Consumer characteristics of sand-lime bricks affecting its weight

Main consumer characteristics:

• Strength and Density
• Frost resistance
• Thermal conductivity
• Water absorption
• Restrictions

Strength and Density

The specific gravity of the material does not take into account the hollow areas in the brick, and therefore affects the strength of sand-lime brick. The higher the density of the silicate block, the greater the weight of the solid sand-lime brick, and the higher the strength of the product. According to strength criteria, sand-lime brick is produced in the following grades: M - 75; 100; 125; 150; 200 and 250. Sometimes M300 and M350 bricks are found.

Frost resistance

Frost resistance of brick is expressed by the number of permissible freezing/thawing cycles and includes six grades F15.... F50. The specific gravity of the timber does not significantly affect this indicator.

Thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity coefficient of sand-lime solid brick is 0.7-0.8 W/m*K, for brick with technical voids is 0.66-0.68 W/m*K, and for slotted brick is 0.4 W/m* TO. That is, the lower this indicator, the higher the thermal insulation properties of the brick. As a matter of fact, the weight of one silicate brick indicates what structure of the piece of material is solid or hollow, on which the thermal conductivity of the product depends.

Water absorption

The water absorption of silicate bars is in the range of 6-13%. With an increase in the percentage of water absorption, not only the weight of the brick/structure increases, but also the risk of their deformation and destruction.

Restrictions

Whatever the weight of white sand-lime brick, it is not used when constructing the underground part of a building and rooms with the constant presence of moisture and condensation in the air. The fact is that the salts present in groundwater have a destructive effect on the silicate mass. Also, sand-lime brick is not resistant to high temperatures and, accordingly, is not used in the construction of stoves and chimneys.

How to choose a standard brick

Before purchasing a brick, you should determine for what purpose it is needed. This will directly determine what properties it should have.

The most important characteristic of a material is strength. This indicator means the resistance of the material to external loads. The strength value is indicated differently for each batch. For private houses no higher than 2-3 floors, an indicator of 100 kg/cm is sufficient.

It is important to consider frost resistance. It is installed independently for each type. It is measured in cycles. Cycle – when the product is placed in water for 8 hours, then in the freezer for the same time. The procedure is repeated and stops only when the brick begins to change in appearance.

The shade of the brick is given by the clay taken for its manufacture. A special pigment can be added to the material, giving the required shade.

To improve adhesion to the plastering solution, you can choose bricks with a relief pattern on the surface.

physical characteristics

Let us consider the important characteristics of sand-lime brick in construction. The first component is the density of the finished product. Without going into details (anyone can find them on their own in GOST 379 2015), materials are divided into dense - density more than 1500 kg/cubic meter and porous, less than 1500 kg/cubic meter. Based on strength, they are divided into 6 classes, marked with the letter M and a digital designation from 75 to 300.

The characteristic determines the tensile/compressive strength of the brick and the compressive strength of the stone. When saturated with water, the strength of the product decreases significantly. The next component is frost resistance F - the average number of defrosting/freezing cycles of the product, after these cycles the material loses its professional suitability.

For internal walls and partitions the indicator is within 15 cycles, for external walls, columns and other products in direct contact with the external environment - 100 cycles. The addition of modern chemical additives allows you to increase F several times, which affects the environmental friendliness of the product.

The thermal conductivity of the product depends on the density and type of execution; The average thermal conductivity of a hollow stone is 0.55–0.8 W/mS; for a solid one it is much higher – 0.67–0.89 W/mS. The moisture absorption of the product is quite high, according to GOST standards it should not exceed 6%, but in fact it is twice as high - up to 12%. Depends on the porosity of the material.

The difference between brick and natural stone

There are two types of masonry products:

Hollow and solid brick - characteristics

• brick;
• stone.

In the first case, the sample is a rectangular hollow or solid parallelepiped. The side edges have a strictly vertical position.

The geometric dimensions of the finished product are set within 250×120×65 mm. Elements of different shapes are used in construction. The thickness of each of them does not exceed 140 mm.

The stone is produced only in a hollow version. The thickness of the element is more than 140 mm. The stone is produced in the following design:

• with flat vertical side edges;
• with projections and grooves on vertical edges;
• with a polished or uneven top surface.

The tongue-and-groove system is designed to increase the strength and stability of masonry. The elements are laid with a tight connection. Masonry does not have mortar joints.

Briquettes with an uneven top plane are used for the construction of high-rise structures. With a flat surface - for low-rise construction.

Fragment of stone cladding

Types of sand-lime bricks

This building material currently has two versions:

1. Solid brick.
2. Hollow - having voids located perpendicular to the brick beds. Moreover, these voids can be through or non-through.

This brick also differs in size:

• Single, length – 250 mm, width – 120 mm, and height – 65 mm.
• One-and-a-half silicate brick, also called thickened, has the same length and width as a single brick, but is slightly larger in height - 88 mm.
• In addition to single and thickened bricks, factories today produce both silicate and ceramic stones of non-standard size - 250x120x138 mm.
• Sand-lime bricks can be different in color. The most common colors you can find are white, gray, yellow and pink.

Due to its ideal shape, sand-lime brick lends itself well to painting, as well as the formation of a relief surface. This remarkable property of the material in decoration helps to easily transform an unprepossessing structure with colored or relief bricks. The use of relief brick creates the effect of natural stone, significantly improving the architectural appearance of house facades. This brick, receiving full coloring, in other words, being painted both outside and inside, gives high color reliability.

What are the brick markings?

Each batch of bricks is marked by the manufacturer; all information about the product is indicated on the marking in an alphanumeric code. The marking is not difficult to decipher, it consists of: marking the name of the product, the letters P - for ordinary ones, L - for facial ones; designations of size and designations: Po - for solid, Pu - for hollow; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and GOST designation.

For example: Brick KORPu 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007.

Marking of ceramic ordinary brick, hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50.

Or: Single silicate brick of ordinary strength grade 150, frost resistance grade F15 will be marked: Brick SOR-150/15, GOST 379-95.

Methods for calculating weight and their features

Sand-lime brick is often used in the construction of residential buildings and technical structures. A capital structure will not last long if technical requirements are not followed. The main condition for the durability of any building is the correct ratio of the selected base (foundation) and the load on it. Therefore, even at the design stage, the weight of sand-lime brick should be determined.

Due to the variety of types of sand-lime bricks, you should decide on the desired type of masonry, the presence or absence of a facing layer. Walls are most often built from white one-and-a-half bricks. Unlike single, one and a half significantly speeds up the construction process. The average weight of a standard one-and-a-half piece without holes is 4.9-5 kg. As humidity increases, weight increases.

When performing calculations of a building structure, it is not enough to know how much 1 piece weighs. single, double or one-and-a-half bricks. As a rule, another indicator is used - cube

It is important to determine the weight of the masonry in cubic meters

When calculating the required value, do not forget to reduce the results to one unit of measurement. Thus, the dimensions of a standard brick are given in millimeters, and the volume, as a rule, is calculated in cubic meters. To perform calculations, the length, width and height of one block must be converted to meters.

Delivery of building materials to the customer is carried out in packs placed on a pallet. The number of bricks on a small wooden pallet is always the same. For example, there are 280 single blocks in a pack. Considering that the weight is 1 pc. is 3.7 kg, it turns out that in one package there are 1036 kg.

Using simple calculations, you can determine the number of different types of bricks in one cube, as well as their weight.

Standard sizes

The unification of bricks occurred in the 20s of the 19th century: it was then that a single brick size was fixed - a standard designed to facilitate its use. Thus, since 1927, the brick standards are as follows: 250 x 120 x 65 mm. This data came to be considered the basic format.

Brick standards allow you to solve several issues related to its use:

• calculate the material required for masonry;
• how much mortar needs to be mixed;
• establish the mass of one brick and, based on this data, the entire masonry.

The load-bearing characteristics of the structure, which must be taken into account when constructing the building, depend on the latest data.

The actual dimensions of the brick may deviate slightly from the established standards: a discrepancy of up to 4 mm in length, 3 mm in width and height is acceptable.

The dimensions of the brick are determined using the component planes. These brick planes have generally accepted names:

• bed: side working bed, with the largest area of ​​all, located parallel to the base of the masonry being constructed. Material is laid on it in masonry;
• spoon: middle part, side, perpendicular to the previous one;
• poke: back side, narrowest.

Main characteristics

Silicate brick is made from quartz sand, lime and water. All ingredients are thoroughly mixed in the required volumes, then pressed and hardened at a temperature of 200°, maintaining a pressure of 10-12 atm. Silicate, as a natural mineral, underlies the samples under consideration.

Table of characteristics of sand-lime brick.

Advice! This base is characterized by low water resistance, so the use of sand-lime bricks for the construction of foundations, basements, fireplaces, stoves or pipes is impractical. However, this source is successfully used in the construction of main walls and partitions; it perfectly protects against extraneous sounds. This insulation has a standard size of 250 m in length, 120 mm in width, and 65 mm in height. The impeccable shapes of this item create an excellent basis for constructing houses, creating a volumetric, colored plane.

The dimensions of such products are accurate. Such a building material is strong, it takes on various forms, characterized by low thermal conductivity values ​​and incredible resistance to frost.

Silicate brick can be hollow or solid. The first option has minor gravity measures, resulting in a reduction in the load on the foundation. Its small thermal conductivity index influences the fact that even with thin walls such buildings are very warm.

One-and-a-half facing brick – presentable appearance and high quality

There are many ways to improve the farad of a building. But one-and-a-half facing brick is the king of materials. One-and-a-half facing bricks are suitable for finishing. With its help, not only do they improve aesthetics, but it also performs a protective function and is a high-quality, durable material.

1. Advantages of one and a half bricks
2. Classification and sizes
3. Specifications
4. Ceramic
5. Silicate
6. Features of laying one-and-a-half bricks
7. Manufacturers and prices

Advantages of one and a half bricks

The advantage of the product is its cost-effectiveness when carrying out facing work. Low weight reduces transportation costs. The work time is reduced due to the size of the one-and-a-half-piece product.

The material is endowed with thermal insulation properties, since the internal cracks are filled with air. Sufficient thickness of the product increases thermal insulation.

Decent performance level, a clear plus of the material. Brick has strength, resistance to increased loads, resistance to negative and high temperatures, and durability. Each product brand has its own qualities.

Classification and sizes

Products are produced - ceramic, silicate. They are divided according to production method into types:

• Solid (full-bodied, without voids inside;
• Hollow (having holes inside or porous).

One and a half silicate brick

This material is relatively light in weight, so it is very convenient to use in construction. Partitions and load-bearing structures of buildings are often constructed from it. It has through and non-through cylindrical voids. Their presence helps to reduce the weight of the brick and increase its heat and sound insulation properties.

Today, you can buy unpainted or colored products in stores. The first variety is produced in white. In the second case, the material undergoes additional processing, during which the required pattern is applied to its surface.

Sand-lime one-and-a-half bricks have a number of undeniable advantages. It is characterized by low thermal conductivity. It withstands sub-zero temperatures very well

It is also important that in the process of its production only natural, environmentally friendly components are used that do not have a negative impact on human health

Interestingly, red brick is different from its white counterpart. It is characterized by higher strength and versatility in terms of application.

Ceramic brick M-150 and its application

Such material can withstand loads of up to one hundred and fifty kilograms and is suitable for any construction option: for the construction of office premises and buildings. Solid ordinary single ceramic brick m 150 is widely used in housing construction and for utility rooms.

• This material is available in two versions: solid and hollow. They have fairly high strength, retain heat well, and also have high frost resistance.
• Single solid ceramic brick m 150 is perfectly used for the construction of foundations and plinths of any type. This is a fairly durable material that can withstand floor slabs;
• The full-bodied option is also successfully suitable for the construction of fireplaces. It is also often used for installing stoves of various types. An excellent material solution for making a barbecue. in short, suitable for everything where solid fuel is not used. In these cases, it is worth using fire bricks.
• Ceramic brick m150 is hollow, perfect for installing partitions in rooms and for cladding a building. The voids make it not so strong and it may not withstand the floor slabs.
• Due to its positive properties, such a material can withstand strong pressure. This brick is available in standard single sizes, as well as double and one-and-a-half sizes. This allows you to significantly save time on construction.
• Brick is divided into special, facing and construction, so it is used not only for the construction of buildings, but also for cladding facades.
• M150 brick price is slightly higher than M75 brick. But you get a stronger material and its scope of application is wider.
• The cladding of this material can be done independently, this will significantly reduce construction costs.
• The weight of the brick is M150 standard, there is nothing new here.
• It is not difficult to buy M150 bricks; this can be done at any retail building materials outlet or at a manufacturing plant.

When building a durable brick structure, which is expected to last up to a hundred years, it is best to purchase solid ceramic bricks. This building material is ideal for the construction of lower floors and foundations, which carry significant loads.

It’s not enough to take brick according to the parameters; you also need to take high-quality material. After all, you can simply be deceived

In the video you can see what you should pay attention to

Delivery and storage of material

Why do you need to know the weight of a brick?

Possible sizes of sand-lime bricks.

The weight of any geometric body is calculated using the formula. It is the product of density and volume, which can be calculated independently. When carrying out calculations, humidity, voids and decorative finishing of the front specimens are taken into account. The difference in weight characteristics depends on the level of moisture concentration in the material. An increased percentage of humidity can change it greatly. The presence in the product of cavities of different types in size and differing in total number reduces the final figure. Decorative trim on the front, on the contrary, adds it.

The specific gravity of one-and-a-half silicate brick will be in the range from 1300-1900 kg/m³.

Knowing the formula that is used to determine the mass of one object, you can find out what mass will press on the foundation.

Correctly made calculations will help prevent additional costs for installing a basement and will allow you to build a strong house, the walls of which will not become covered with cracks due to incorrect calculations during construction. The manufacturer and seller always indicate the weight of the finished product, making it easier for the buyer to calculate.

When purchasing, pay attention to all the parameters indicated by the manufacturer. Each of them produces products, the weight of which may differ from the other

Knowing body weight leads to more accurate calculation results, and this allows for rational use of material resources during the construction of a building.

Peculiarities

One-and-a-half brick is a certain type of building stone that is used to construct the walls of buildings.
One-and-a-half white bricks, due to the presence of several varieties, can be used in certain special cases, such as the need for additional protection from frost or precipitation, the need to provide proper aesthetics, etc.

One and a half white

Some types of this material, unlike red, are able to withstand quite extreme operating conditions, as well as changeable weather conditions.

In addition, the main role is played by those properties and characteristics that the manufacturer wants to give in the future to the artificial stone used for the construction of buildings.

Most often, they still use the method of firing a clay mixture with certain types of additives, but this is not the only option for producing the material.

Firing in a kiln

The price largely depends on the region of sale and the type of brick. The weight of one and a half bricks can also be varied. This is influenced by factors such as density, as well as the presence of voids inside the product.

The cost of one and a half stone also depends on many factors. First of all, this concerns the availability of materials for its manufacture in the region, order volume, type of manufacture, some technical characteristics, etc.

Price

Before making a purchase, it is worth clearly calculating how much products are needed for construction.

Features of use

Red brick is successfully used not only for construction, but also for cladding buildings

It is important that the surface of such a product is smooth. There should be no cracks or chips on it

Thickened hollow material is often used in the construction of extensions, fences, country houses and multi-storey buildings. The effectiveness of its use lies in reducing the consumption of building materials and the time required to complete the work. Thickened brick is not recommended for the construction of foundations, basements and plinths, since in these places there is an increased likelihood of the material coming into contact with moisture. The thickness of the external walls must exceed one and a half bricks, otherwise the heat will escape outside the building. If all technological standards are observed, a house built from this material will last at least a century and a half.

Company Overview

The quality of all building materials is influenced by the norms prescribed in the state standard and rules that are taken into account - it is a leading manufacturer in the country, which began its work in 31 of the last century. Every year, customers buy over one hundred million units of goods.

The range is complemented by all types of bars, the quality is confirmed by international standards and is constantly monitored by the laboratory at the plant.

The other one is no less large. The plant supplies goods to all regions of the country and even abroad. Imported equipment and qualified specialists allow us to produce high-quality and affordable products.

Facing

The face stone has a number of distinctive features compared to the usual one. The first difference is that the surface of the facing brick is smooth, which is very highly valued when the entire structure must be built carefully.

The role of facing bricks is to perform a protective role against the negative effects of precipitation, and also to give the house an excellent internal and external appearance. Facing stone allows many designers to turn all their ideas into reality and at the same time create beautiful and unique facades. Facing bricks can have different dimensions, shape and color. Thanks to these qualities, you can create beautiful designs.

What is the weight of one-and-a-half silicate bricks is described in detail in this article.

The material in question can be used for finishing the facade, plinth, and walls. In addition, the product is actively used in the construction of park and garden fencing and its small elements. For example, you can not design the entire fence, but only certain sections of it. You can also use facing stone to decorate balconies, summer kitchens, gazebos, arches and other architectural structures.

All bricks that are used to decorate a house can have unified and standard dimensions. The facing stone has two sides, they are called the spoon and the poke. The surface of such products is decorative. Today there is a huge number of different facade finishing stones, so everyone can choose their ideal option.

What an ordinary clay brick looks like is indicated in the article.

The size of one and a half bricks can be very different, but there is one standard one, which is installed at the manufacturer

When choosing the product in question, it is very important to buy the product taking into account the shape, color and size

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Discussion 2 comments

I'm just about to use the facing stone to build a gazebo. I'm thinking of doing this this summer. It seems to me that construction will proceed better in the warm season. Maybe next year I'll update the fence. All that remains is to correctly calculate the dimensions of the brick to save money. I have never worked with facing stone. This will be my first experience.

I have a very positive attitude towards such a material as brick, because it has a lot of positive properties: firstly, it is natural and does not have any negative impact on humans, even after decades; secondly, it is durable, “warm”, and does not require any additional decorative finishing If it is installed well, it can be used both for the construction of walls near the cottage, and for the construction of a garage or fence.

Scope of application

According to the scope of application, bricks are divided into construction (masonry), facing (facade), special, stove, and basement .

Rough products are intended for the construction of internal walls, fences, filling various voids, and self-supporting structures. Can be used for laying external walls, but then they must be protected from destruction with plaster.

facing bricks are used externally and internally for decorative finishing. The facing products have a smooth geometry, edges without chips, and a presentable appearance.

Cladding Fireproof

Private

For regions where the climate is more humid, it is recommended to use a red ceramic block; for arid regions, silicate is more suitable.

Facing red blocks can be textured and shaped . The first variety has a corrugated, uneven surface with an antique effect and uneven ground edges. The shaped variety is made in complex geometric shapes with rounded edges. Shaped products are intended for framing windows, doorways, decorative arches indoors, and are used at the corners of buildings.

Textured

The third type is special blocks . They are distinguished by fire-resistant qualities. Such products are used for laying out stoves and decorative fireplaces. The material from which special bricks are made is fireclay clay.

Shades may vary in each batch

Facing bricks have disadvantages:

• Each batch is a different shade, so it is recommended to carefully calculate the number of pieces and order them from the same batch.
• There are defects in the manufacture of products, so you should take them with a reserve. The products of European manufacturers are of higher quality, and there are fewer defective blocks in the batch.
• The cost of facing bricks is quite high, so not everyone can afford to buy this building material.

Hollow ceramic cladding blocks are lightweight because the volume of empty space inside is up to 70% .

Stove one-and-a-half bricks must have increased fire-resistant characteristics . These can be ceramic, fireclay, clinker blocks.

the blocks are intended for laying out the part of the building located between the foundation and the first floor.

For cladding, you can use cheaper types of bricks - bars.

Material parameters

The price of the material depends on its size and production. Of course, the more raw materials are spent on it, the higher the price will be. After all, the weight is greater. But sometimes what is more expensive is more profitable. Therefore, when choosing, there can only be one instruction, and that is to make the correct calculations.

Attention: when making calculations, waste must also be taken into account. They will be there anyway

Only, unlike clay material, silicate waste can be used in few places.

Silicate brick weight:

Sand-lime brick

The production of sand-lime bricks is carried out in autoclaves under high pressure. This is one of the differences from the production of clay material.

• The brick contains sand, which is around 92-94%. Lime is also used as an additive. Its volume fluctuates around 3-5%. Various additives are also used for product quality, which amount to about 2%.
• This technology allows us to make high-quality and durable material. For example, hollow materials have increased thermal and thermal insulation. Therefore, they can be perfectly used for the construction of partitions in rooms.
• The frost resistance indicator ranges from 15 to 50 freezing and defrosting cycles.
• This material can have almost any color. It all depends on the dye added.

Attention: This material has a significant drawback; it absorbs a lot of moisture and therefore cannot be used for the manufacture of the foundation and basement of the room. The weight of silicate brick depends on several parameters

In the first place is the composition of the material, in the second place is the manufacturing technology. But the average weight of a brick is around 2.5 kilograms

The weight of sand-lime brick depends on several parameters. In the first place is the composition of the material, in the second place is the manufacturing technology. But the average weight of a brick is around 2.5 kilograms.

The volumetric weight of silicate brick directly depends on its dimensions. They are quite different. There is one-and-a-half material, and there is also single material.

Material selection rules

The choice is yours to make. Here you will need to look at the following components:

First of all, decide on the height of the wall. Here you will need to select a brick not just by weight, but also take into account its height. It will be possible to save money on this; Construction requires the use of high-quality materials. Therefore, do not take damp bricks on pallets. It dries very poorly; The color price will be more expensive

Please pay attention to this when choosing. Be sure to take into account the weight, because for partitions it is better to use hollow material. True, here you will use more solution

But the wall will be easier. If you are laying load-bearing surfaces, then it is better to use solid material. It will withstand heavy loads.

When making a choice, you should never rush. There are always calculations before purchasing. Look at the photos and videos, do an analysis. Construction does not tolerate errors. After all, by purchasing unnecessary material, you will not only spend money, but you may end up with a poor-quality building.

Russian briquettes and their dimensions today

Domestic briquettes acquired their modern appearance only in 27 of the last century. Somewhat later, the dimensions of a single ceramic briquette and its value in one-and-a-half and double forms appear in regulatory documents. This information is finally approved with the introduction of conventional units of measurement for structural parts and building materials, which, according to the latest editions of the state standard, began to be called a module.

White brick is most often sold in batches

An interesting fact remains that the word “one-and-a-half” cannot be confirmed by mathematical calculations, because its height, in comparison with a single one, is 1.3 cm greater. This name was used most often among builders and since then began to be included in state rules and regulations. This term refers to the size of a silicate briquette, the size of which is 25*12*8.8 cm.

Construction material began to be made from a combination of sand and lime only in the 20th century, after a significant modernization of industrial production in the field of building materials. Then they began to use the technique of semi-dry pressing and burning in an autoclave. The dimensions, cost and strength indicators did not cause any complaints from users; the materials became resistant to moisture and increased temperature.

Today, any non-compliance with established standards in matters of laying briquettes is allowed only when decorating premises or load-bearing structures. The parameters of briquettes for cladding are controlled with maximum rigor. The marginal deviation can vary from 3-4 mm, and within 2 mm in thickness. Therefore, the sizes of white briquettes are strictly limited and comply with international regulations.

There are a number of restrictions regarding the use of briquettes. Reduced resistance to moisture prohibits their use in houses that are exposed to increased moisture (base, basements, water shafts) and maximum temperatures (stove capsules, chimney).

Characteristics

Once you have chosen the size of white sand-lime brick that suits you, do not rush into purchasing it. First you need to familiarize yourself with its technical characteristics:

• Weight depends on the species. Thus, a single hollow brick has a mass of 3.2 kg, a one-and-a-half brick - 4. The weight of a single white solid sand-lime brick is 3.5 kg, a one-and-a-half brick - 4.9.
• It has increased frost resistance and can be used in the most severe climatic conditions, including in areas where sudden temperature changes are observed.
• Single white facing brick has excellent waterproofing properties, so the base and foundation will last a long time even if they are constantly exposed to sewage and groundwater.

The use of lime and sand products when laying stoves and fireplaces is a very controversial issue. Some experts in this field believe that due to high thermal conductivity, heating structures built from such material can quickly become unusable.

Those who are going to clad the walls of a house or any other building with ordinary hollow white silicate brick should be aware of some features of this process:

1. It is necessary to leave a small space for ventilation between the masonry and the wall, not exceeding 60 cm.
2. The seam size should not be more than 1.3 cm.
3. The solution should be made thick, since silicate absorbs moisture well.

Cover fresh masonry with a special moisture-resistant solution (for example, moisture stop).

The table shows prices for sand-lime bricks in Moscow and the region:

What kind of reviews?

“I was very surprised by the price of white sand-lime brick. I decided to try tiling the house and combined it with ceramic. The main part is white, and the corners and rustications are red. I coated the masonry on top with waterproofing liquid in several layers. It’s already been 5 years, and the façade is like new and doesn’t require any special care.”

Ilya Alekseev, Stavropol.

“The opinion that it is better not to use white silicate for laying stoves is not wrong. I built a potbelly stove for my wife in the summer house - it didn’t last even 6 years, it was crumbling and cracking. The thermal conductivity is indeed very high. All this time I tried to revive the structure with fireclay clay and a refractory mixture. This summer I plan to tear it down and build a red brick stove.”

Andrey Minin, Smolensk.

“I was captivated by the low cost; I really wanted to build a beautiful house quickly, but I didn’t have enough money. I'll start the description with a trip to the warehouse. The products were transported carefully along the bumpy road; in the end, only a few were broken, which means that they withstand transportation well. The mortar for masonry was very thick, the work was in full swing quickly. After construction, I made one mistake - I didn’t cover it with moisture stopper; as a result, one corner bloomed after the winter.”

Alexey Ipatiev, Samara.

The construction of any facility begins with the approval of design documentation, which is important. Most owners of private homes and commercial buildings pay a lot of attention

Most owners of private homes and commercial buildings pay a lot.

Fireclay artificial stone is valued for its high strength and heat resistance.

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Classification and technical characteristics

Depending on the raw materials from which bricks are made, there are two types :

• ceramic red;
• silicate white.

They have the same dimensions (both single and one and a half), but the scope of application, purpose and technical characteristics are different.

Ceramic

Ceramic brick
One-and-a-half ceramic brick is a natural building material . If you make internal partitions and cover them with varnish for preservation, the clay will not change its color or fade in the sun.

When maintaining heat in the room, fired clay blocks do not absorb water and do not collapse .

You can find many colors of one-and-a-half bricks . Changing the tone is achieved by mixing different types of clay.

Among the disadvantages, one can note the fact that during transportation, bricks often break , and chips form on their sides.

A type of ceramic blocks are clinker bricks. These are the most expensive products, but at the same time the most durable. They are made from the same raw materials as red ceramic ones, but are fired at prolonged, extremely high temperatures. Clinker is suitable for laying on the floor, garden paths - where the load on it will be maximum.

Another variety - cheaper - is hyper-pressed brick , made from a mixture of cement and limestone. It is not fired, but pressed under heavy weight. Externally, the material becomes similar to natural stone. It is strong, but has high thermal conductivity - when used it requires additional insulation.

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The most expensive type of ceramic facing brick is made by hand. Typically, such products are made to order for any restoration work. The production process repeats how ancient builders made building materials.

Silicate

Sand-lime brick One
-and-a-half sand-lime brick is completely different in composition from the previous ceramic one. Silicates are made from well-refined quartz sand and lime , which is why the products are white. The components are mixed in a ratio of 9:1.

Bricks are made from the finished mass by semi-dry pressing and exposed to hot steam under high pressure . The process lasts 10 – 13 hours.

To change the color, natural or synthetic pigments that are resistant to ultraviolet radiation are added to the mass.

Sand-lime bricks have the same advantages as red ceramic bricks, but in addition they are about a third cheaper . The weight of one and a half sand-lime brick depends on whether it is solid or hollow. A solid block can weigh from 4.2 to 5 kg, a hollow semi-truck can weigh from 3.7 to 4.2 kg. For comparison: single silicate weighs about 3.5 kg, double hollow from 5 to 5.8 kg.

The moisture resistance of silicates is lower than that of ceramic products, so they cannot be used to build foundations, nor can they be used to build wells, basements, basements, sewer pits and other street buildings.

Also, silicate products are not suitable for the construction of stoves and fireplaces - their heat resistance is lower than that of red brick. When exposed to heat and temperature changes, the oven will quickly crack.

Solid and hollow products

Solid blocks are always used in the construction of load-bearing structures, which bear the heaviest load during operation. This is the foundation of a house or fireplace, external walls, internal load-bearing walls, chimneys.

The porosity index should not exceed 13% , otherwise the structure will be unreliable: when moisture is absorbed and it freezes inside, and then thaws, the brick crumbles. This indicator is relevant for sand-lime bricks.

In the hollow variety of silicates, the volume of internal holes occupies 30% .

In ceramic products, voids can be located in different ways and have any shape. In silicate ones they are shifted to the center, and the holes are mostly cylindrical.

Advantages of one and a half bricks

For the construction of walls, hollow thickened bricks are most often used.

Voids can be through or non-through, have the shape of a cylinder and are oriented perpendicular to the base. Thanks to the cylindrical air cells, the products become lighter, create less load on the foundation, and their heat and sound insulation qualities are improved. The advantages of one-and-a-half bricks are obvious:

• reducing the cost of working time on masonry - the load-bearing wall is laid in two rows, supplemented by one row of cladding (the single version requires masonry in three rows, not counting the cladding);
• reducing solution consumption;
• increasing the durability of the building;
• increasing heat conservation and resistance to frost.

For cladding, silicate brick blocks of pink, blue, red, yellow colors are produced - they are obtained by adding special pigments that are resistant to alkalis to the initial mixture. Painted brick decorates walls and remains a “breathable” material: it differs from its white counterpart only in its smooth surface and uniform coloring (it is not superficial, but volumetric). Colored samples are used not only for cladding: they can be alternated with white bricks to decorate the facade.

Brickwork calculation

When starting construction, first calculate the cubic capacity of the masonry: the total length of the walls is multiplied by their thickness and the height of the building. If one-and-a-half silicate brick is chosen for masonry, then its dimensions are multiplied (adding the thickness of the seam) - this is how they determine how many cubic meters there are in it. Then divide the volume of the masonry by the volume of one product and get their total number. The calculation is simplified if you use the table value: 1 cube of masonry, taking into account mortar joints, contains 302 thickened bricks (instead of 394 single ones). The dimensions of one-and-a-half silicate bricks allow you to build a house in a short time. The walls of the building, made of thickened brick blocks with smooth edges, have a solid appearance and a wonderful design; they do not require external finishing.

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Choosing a brick: review

Brick is a building material made from mineral raw materials. In its structure, brick is an artificial stone. The use of this material goes back to ancient times. In Ancient Egypt, unfired raw brick was more often used, which was made from clay with the addition of straw. Modern bricks are rectangular in shape and undergo serious heat treatment. Brick structures are durable, reliable, frost-resistant and retain heat well indoors.

In this article we will talk about the main varieties, technical characteristics and other points that you should pay attention to when choosing a brick.

Depending on the size, bricks are divided into single, one and a half and double

The photo clearly shows the difference in size between single, one-and-a-half and double bricks

• Single (250x120x65 mm) - the most common type of molding is a single rectangular block. When working with this brick, it is convenient for the mason to work with one hand.
• One-and-a-half (250x120x88 mm) bricks have a lower consumption in area and in the amount of mortar - the masonry moves faster.
• Double brick (250x120x138 mm) - according to GOST, it is called ceramic stone. It is equal in height to two single ones. When used, ceramic stone reduces material costs and increases the speed of masonry.

The facing brick may differ in format from the ordinary one. The narrow facing brick has dimensions of 250x60x65 mm, the European format facing brick has dimensions of 250x85x65 mm.

The three surfaces of the brick have specific names.

To understand masonry, it is useful to know the names of brick surfaces

• The bed is the upper working part on which the solution is placed.
• The spoon part(s) is a long side surface, one of which goes out.
• A poke is a side surface with which one brick connects to another.

To improve the adhesion of the surfaces (adhesion) of ordinary bricks to finishing materials, one of the surfaces may have a corrugated coating.

One of the most important parameters when choosing a brick is its strength. The brick should not collapse under the influence of internal stresses and deformations. Strength depends on the brand of the product. The brand is designated by the letter "M". The number indicates the load (in kilograms) that the material can withstand per 1 square centimeter (M100, M125, M150, M175, etc.). M100 – M150 is suitable for the construction of houses with two or three floors. M200 is used in multi-storey buildings, M300 - in the plinths of high-rise buildings.

In the northern and central regions of Russia, the climate is not mild. Rain may give way to unexpected frosts. Frost resistance is a characteristic that allows you to select a brick according to climatic conditions. The cold resistance grade is designated by the letter combination “Mrz” or F. Frost resistance is determined using laboratory tests. The brick is immersed in water and frozen, this cycle is repeated until the material begins to deteriorate, changing weight and strength. After tests, the brick is assigned the grade F15, F25, F35 or F50. The number indicates the number of cycles. For the northern and central regions of Russia, it is recommended to use a grade no lower than F35.

The water absorption parameter is related to frost resistance. This characteristic is understood as the percentage of the amount of water to the total volume that the brick can absorb when fully immersed. When temperatures drop, moisture freezes and expands, which leads to the destruction of the internal structure of the material, so frost resistance also depends on water absorption. A complete absence of water absorption is also not allowed, the minimum value according to GOST is 6%. The maximum moisture absorption for ordinary bricks is 14%, for facing bricks - 10%, for interior bricks - 16%.

Thermal conductivity is the ability of materials to transfer thermal energy (heat transfer). Due to the presence of the word “heat” in the term, some attribute this property of materials only to the cooling rate. At the same time, thermal conductivity also affects the heating of cold objects. In simple terms, if it’s hot outside, then a house with walls made of material with low thermal conductivity will stay cool longer, and warm in winter.

Heat transfer is carried out due to the chaotic movement of particles in matter - convection. There is no matter in a vacuum, and therefore thermal energy is not transferred by convection. When calculating the thermal conductivity coefficient of various substances, a vacuum environment is taken as 0.

An indicator that reflects the ability of a substance to conduct heat is the thermal conductivity coefficient (W/(m*K)). The thermal conductivity of bricks depends on the manufacturing technology and material (from 0.3 to 1). The more air inside the brick body, the longer it will retain heat.

Brick varies depending on the amount of air inside the block

• Solid brick is a monolithic block without cavities; according to the standard, porosity cannot exceed 13%. The use of solid bricks increases the strength of the structure, so they are used for laying the base, foundation and load-bearing walls. At the same time, solid products are considered “cold”: their thermal conductivity is 0.5 – 1 W/m*K.

Solid single row brick for the construction of load-bearing walls. The spoon has a grooved coating to improve adhesion

• Hollow brick has cavities that are made in the form of holes in the body of the brick. The holes can be in the form of slits (slotted, seven-slotted), squares and cylinders. Voids make up from 45 to 55% of the briquette volume. The air trapped in the cavities is a heat-insulating substance, due to which hollow bricks have low thermal conductivity (0.3 - 0.9). At the same time, such bricks are not used for the construction of capital load-bearing structures, and hollow bricks are also not used for structures where high fire-resistant properties are required (for stoves, brick barbecues, etc.).

Ceramic bricks for facing work, voids are made in the form of squares

The voidness affects the solution consumption during work. Some of the solution falls into the holes. If laid correctly, this should be avoided, as this will damage the thermal insulation.

• Porous brick (warm ceramics) is a type of hollow ceramic brick. The material used is low-melting clay, to which sawdust and peat are added. When these inclusions burn out, they leave cavities in the block. The strength and frost resistance grades of porous bricks reach M-200 and F-200. Thermal conductivity is 0.1 – 0.261 W/m*K.

Some manufacturers mold porous bricks for a joint system where grooves and protrusions alternate

Traditionally, a brick house is presented in orange-red tones (brick color). This color is typical for ceramic bricks. The shades depend on various factors. The region of origin of the clay influences. Some varieties become yellowish or orange after firing. Pigment additives can also change colors.

Sand-lime brick is initially white in color, but after adding certain additives its color can also be changed. When using one-and-a-half masonry with facing bricks, the color of the internal masonry actually does not matter. Face masonry can be given any color using glazing or engobing.

Glazed brick has a glossy color coating

Radiated brick can have an unusual color; the external surface of the brick is filled with tints and gradients. This effect is achieved using a special firing technology. At the end of firing, the access of oxygen is limited, as a result, oxygen begins to release from the clay, forming an uneven color on the surface of the material.

Brick is divided into types depending on the material.

• Ceramic is the most common and oldest type of brick. The raw material for it is red clay. After molding, the rectangular bars are fired in kilns. Such bricks can be used in a wide variety of areas. Initially, the material has high moisture absorption, so it is treated with moisture-repellent substances.

Ceramic brick has a characteristic red color. The shape of a rectangular bar first began to be widely used in England in the 16th century.

In terms of strength, ceramic brick corresponds to grades from M-50 to M-300. The material can be hollow or solid. Ceramic hollow bricks have one of the best performance in terms of thermal insulation.

Firing is an important technological procedure in brick production. Burnt brick will have black spots. Unburnt has a light pink color. Both technological defects affect the characteristics of the material

• Sand-lime brick consists of a mixture of lime and sand. Temperature treatment does not take place in an oven, but in an autoclave - a heating apparatus that creates pressure above atmospheric. The mass fraction of lime and moisture does not exceed 10%. It is used in dacha urban construction. The material is used for internal partitions, as it has good sound insulation. Due to its fragility, it is not used for load-bearing structures and bases. Sand-lime brick does not retain heat well, so it needs additional thermal insulation. Sand-lime facing brick is more suitable for hot and dry climates, ceramic - for areas with high humidity.

Sand-lime brick for cladding facades of European standard

• Clinker bricks are made from high-density clay. The material should not contain impurities of chalk and alkali metals. The material is used for street construction: paving paths, curbs, retaining walls and cladding plinths. Clinker brick has a high density (up to 2100 kg/m3) and low porosity (up to 5%), which means it practically does not absorb moisture.

Clinker brick in chocolate color is suitable for decorative facade masonry

• Fireclay (fireproof) brick is made from fireclay - fireclay. The main properties are low thermal conductivity, high cyclicity and resistance to high temperatures. It has the ability to accumulate and slowly release heat. Fireproof material is used in the construction of stoves, chimneys, barbecue grills and other structures that require resistance to high temperatures.

Outdoor oven made of fireclay bricks for barbecuing

• Hyper-pressed brick - bricks of this type are used for facing work, to give the facade the final appearance. Various limestone rocks are used in production. Such rocks include shell rock, marble chips, etc. Cement plays the role of a binder. Molding occurs using high pressure (20 MPa). The disadvantages of hyper-pressed brick include significant weight, so when building from it, a reinforced monolithic foundation will be required.

Depending on the method of application, bricks are also divided into types

• Construction (ordinary) brick is used for load-bearing internal walls and partitions, construction of foundations, plinths and external walls. At the same time, the appearance of brick is not suitable for finishing work. The surface sometimes contains chips, which is allowed by the standards.

In the inserts: Due to the unpresentable appearance, the external walls made of ordinary brick are faced, and the internal ones are finished.

• Facing (facing) brick is the face of any building. Has minimal deviations in size. According to standards, facing bricks should not contain chips. Brick for facades can be silicate, ceramic or hyper-pressed. Depending on the climate, you can give preference to one of the types.

The facing hollow brick has a wood texture

Facing bricks can be of two types: textured and shaped. The surface of the textured brick is finished to look like stone, wood or velvet; the edges are sometimes rolled to make it more decorative. Shaped bricks are designed for structures of complex shapes; shaped bricks include angular, rounded and other varieties.

After molding, various coatings can be applied to the facing brick: engobing and glazing. For engobed brick, a composition of liquid clay (engobe), crushed glass and mineral dyes is used. The clay mixture is applied in a thin layer, after which the brick is fired. After firing, the material acquires a matte, even color. Glazed brick has a glossy finish. After firing, a layer of glaze, a colored emulsion of crushed glass, is applied to the briquette, then fired again at a lower temperature.

Types of molding of bars may vary depending on technological features.

• Plastic molding involves the use of plastic clay masses with a water content of up to 21%. Screw presses are used in production. Settings vary depending on air availability. The vacuum forming method is used for hollow bricks.
• Semi-dry molding is based on the use of high pressure and bringing the raw material to a certain level of humidity (10 - 14%). Firing takes place in special tunnel kilns.

To insure yourself against purchasing a low-quality product, it is recommended to purchase bricks made in accordance with GOST. Bricks made according to specifications may differ significantly in their properties. In this case, one cannot do without a visual assessment of quality.

Examine the brick. It is desirable that there are no cracks or chips on the body (according to GOST, no more than two corners can be chipped (up to 15 mm), chips (10 mm) are also allowed in an amount of no more than two, only one crack is allowed, and it should not be more 300 mm). Cracks and chips are not allowed on the facing brick. Inspect the spoons; there should be no limestone deposits in the form of white spots or lumps. If black spots appear on the bed, this is burnt brick. The amount of polovnika (bars broken in half) should be less than 5%.

The geometry should not be violated. Check the strength and sonority indicators. When struck, a hollow brick should make a ringing sound, a solid brick sounds more muffled. To test its strength, drop a brick from a meter height onto a hard surface. The brick should either not break or break into large pieces; if the material shatters into small crumbs, then the strength of the product leaves much to be desired. Before purchasing, it is recommended to inspect structures built from specific types of bricks.

When purchasing bricks, it is very important to correctly calculate the consumption. The main construction costs will depend on this. The calculation is made by area (1 sq.m.) and by volume of masonry (1 cu.m.). For correct calculation, it is advisable to have a ready-made construction project or sketch on hand. The number of bricks is influenced by the number of floors, ceiling height, the presence of gables, openings for windows and doors, the thickness of the walls, as well as the thickness of the joint during laying. First you need to decide on the thickness of the walls.

A visual representation of different masonry methods for different wall thicknesses

• Half a brick (12 cm) - the wall is not load-bearing, but plays the role of a partition to delimit zones inside the house. Such masonry can be strengthened with reinforcement.
• One brick (25 cm) is a load-bearing wall inside the room.
• One and a half bricks (38 cm) - bricks are laid in two rows. The outer row is laid out lengthwise (butting each other), and in the inner row the bricks are in contact with the spoon parts. Masonry is allowed in small one-story houses.
• Two bricks and two and a half (51 cm and 64 cm) - used for load-bearing walls of houses in areas with a temperate climate. In multi-storey buildings, it is allowed to reduce the thickness of the walls depending on the height (first floor - 64 cm, second - 51 cm).

When calculating brick consumption, the volume and area of ​​window openings are excluded. In this case, it is recommended to take a reserve of 10%, since during construction some of the bricks may be defective.

All types of bricks have their own advantages and disadvantages. Solid ceramic bricks are suitable for permanent buildings; the facing brick will help give the building a unique look. Sand-lime brick is suitable for the construction of walls and partitions. Refractory bricks will be used when laying a stove or fireplace.

Brick sizes

According to GOST, bricks are of the following types:

• single (250x120x65 mm);
• one and a half (250x120x88 mm);
• double (250x120x140 mm).

Products with sizes larger than double are called ceramic stones, and they are made only hollow.

Many types of walls and masonry are made from ordinary single bricks. It is convenient to work with it; it fits firmly in the hand of the master, allowing him to apply the solution with his free hand.

Thickened one-and-a-half-row brick, like double-brick, allows you to reduce construction costs and reduce mortar consumption.

How to choose the right ordinary brick is explained in the following video:

Main parameters of products

Each product is characterized by the following parameters:

Geometric parameters of one and a half bricks

• Spatial.
• Geometric.

The geometric parameters are the length, width and thickness of the briquettes. The parameters of the standard sample are defined within the framework of 250×120×65 mm. Briquettes with these dimensions are taken as the nominal format (NF).

For your information. The format is determined by the ratio of the volume of the product to the volume of an element of normal format (V = 0.00195 m3). The resulting value is rounded to tenths.

The spatial parameters of a one-and-a-half brick are bed, spoon and poke.

The top plane of the briquette is called the bed. In nominal format products, the bed size is 250×120 mm.

The spoon is the largest side face of the clinker. The spoon is located in a vertical plane perpendicular to the bed. In nominal format products, the dimensions of the spoon are 250×65 mm.

The butt is the smallest side face of the element. The poke is located in a perpendicular plane to the bed. The dimensions of the butt are 120×65 mm.

Spatial parameters of standard brick

Production of ceramic red bricks

For quite a long time, the technology for making red brick was labor-intensive and required a large amount of manual labor. Now this technology is fully automated and does not depend on the season (previously, drying, for example, was carried out only in the summer).

The production process is divided into the following stages:

1. Selection of clay. Deposits with single-layer clay are quite rare, so a single-bucket excavator is not suitable for clay extraction. In deposits with multi-layer clay, multi-bucket and rotary excavators are used. When extracted, the clay is mixed, and an average composition is obtained. Other types of excavators are not suitable as they extract clay in layers. Such strict requirements for the homogeneity of the composition are due to the complexity of selecting the necessary drying and firing conditions (they are different for each composition).
2. Drying. Dryers are divided into chamber and tunnel. Clay is completely loaded into chamber dryers, and the temperature and humidity change in stages throughout the entire volume of the dryer. Clay is loaded into tunnel dryers gradually and passes through zones with different temperatures and humidity. Drying parameters strongly depend on the type of clay; the more water it contains, the more difficult it is to remove it without various consequences for the future product, for example, the appearance of cracks. The suitability of clay for production is determined by special examinations.
3. Firing is necessary to ensure that the low-melting materials in the clay bind and partially melt the refractory metals. For each composition, it is necessary to select such a temperature regime to ensure maximum strength of the future product.

Red sample

With the help of stoves and fireplaces, it is possible to create cozy and comfortable conditions in the house, giving it warmth and pleasant notes. Red stone, the dimensions of which can take on very different values, is used not only for the construction of stoves and fireplaces, but also other structures that are characterized by the influence of very high temperature conditions.

Red stone can easily withstand high temperatures - 1400-1800 degrees.

Red and its dimensions depend on what type of product is used for the construction of a particular structure.

You can learn about the disadvantages of sand-lime brick from this article.

There are such varieties of the product in question:

1. Simple. Compared to refractory stones, such a stone gains heat very quickly and is able to withstand temperature changes. Simple stone can be used to build stoves and fireplaces, as they are capable of heating a building and excellently releasing thermal energy.
2. Refractory. The production process of the product in question involves the use of special, high-strength types of clay. After this, the raw materials are hardened. The resulting stone tolerates high temperatures well, and can be used in places where there is the influence of too high a temperature.

You can find out how much a stove brick weighs from this article.

The dimensions of the red material can take on different values. However, the manufacturer can produce red stone of standard sizes - 65x120x250 mm. This size for the presented product is considered a normal format. Thanks to them, red brick is one of the most suitable materials for making transverse-longitudinal masonry of walls.

One-and-a-half yellow facing brick, the price and other technical data of the building material are indicated in the article.

Each facet of the material according to GOST 530-2007 has its own name: poke, spoon and bed. Normal format bricks can be divided into the following types:

Table 1 - Red sizes

Advantages and disadvantages of sand-lime brick

This material has low thermal conductivity. The brick has excellent frost resistance, withstanding from 15 to 50 cycles. Water absorption of sand-lime brick is also good - 14-18%. Made from natural materials, brick does not harm human health or the environment - it is an environmentally friendly material. Buildings built from this material have good sound insulation and a pleasant microclimate. White brick, compared to red, is less durable. This brick is also inferior to red in the versatility of its application. It is used only when laying partitions and walls, and its use in plinths, foundations, fireplaces, pipes and stoves is not allowed.

Features of masonry

Walls made of white brick
The features of laying load-bearing structures made of silicate briquettes completely repeat similar technological rules for shell rocks and gas blocks. The briquette is mounted in a dressing with the previous ball. This is done to prevent the joints from matching

Upon completion of laying the first ball, it is important to lay the corners, adhering to the stepped technique

From two corners, a construction thread is pulled along which subsequent blocks are laid. They form the rows of the future house. The construction level checks all formed rows so that they correspond to the horizon. Don't forget about the jointing. The latter is carried out with a sealant for the seams, and gives the necessary aesthetic appearance.

Video - Laying sand-lime bricks. Secrets of mastery

Sheathing of load-bearing structures is carried out in accordance with certain rules and methods. The first rule is a general strip of briquettes 1⁄2 stone thick. The second rule is that the corners of the supporting structure must be laid out from solid briquettes along the entire length (called protrusions, as well as posts). To ensure a tighter connection of the masonry to the supporting structure, glass mesh or wire loops are used. You can also tie using fasteners in the form of an anchor. This is done every 5 rows.

Installation of white brick

Varieties of white sand-lime bricks

Today there are a large number of facade materials used for the construction of buildings for various purposes. But the most popular is white sand-lime brick. Buildings lined with it look presentable, do not require additional finishing and last a long time.

This type of brick consists of lime and quartz sand. An autoclave is used in its production. This method involves exposure to steam and high pressure, thus creating a strong and reliable connection.

There are the following classifications of sand-lime brick:

1. Dimensions: standard (250x120x65 mm) and one-and-a-half (250x120x80). At the customer's request, it can be manufactured in a non-standard size - with the same width and length, but with a height of 138 mm. Most often, sand-lime bricks for white foundations are used in this exact size, due to the convenience of arranging the masonry.
2. In shape - solid (filled with a monolith) and hollow, containing round or rectangular recesses located perpendicular to the bed (the widest edge). The latter is available in 2 types: white three-hollow sand-lime brick and two-hollow one.
3. By region - special purpose and facing. The former are used for foundations, floors and the construction of stoves and fireplaces, the latter for cladding facades.

Classification of bricks by composition

Different bricks contain different raw materials, according to which they are classified into different types. This affects the classification of the finished material and its scope of application. There are several types of brick based on its components:

• red ceramic: made from red clay and its analogues, production technology - firing;
• white silicate: produced using lime and sand, and special additives give it a tint;
• facing: a certain clay is used, which is fired in a kiln at a temperature of 1000-1200°. This type is also called hyperpressed - after the name of the technology used;
• clinker: for production, several types of refractory fireclay clay are taken with the addition of feldspar and clay materials. It is made by baking in an oven at a temperature of 1200°.

How to calculate quantity

To prepare for construction, you need to draw up an estimate that includes the required volume of material in m3

Its transportation is carried out on a wooden container, so it is important to calculate how many pieces of ordinary brick are on a pallet

Quantity on pallet

Photo 2. Laying material on a pallet

The weight and dimensions are known; information about the pallets will be required. Devices for safely transporting building material are made of wood, metal, or a combination of both.

Attention! The number of products on one pallet may vary depending on the weight of the stacked products. If the blocks are placed in the shape of a cube, then it is easy to calculate how many ordinary bricks are on a pallet

You will need to calculate the area of ​​one masonry product and a pallet, then use division to find out the quantity in one row. Multiplying this data by the number of rows, we get the total number. When laying in the “Christmas tree” method, such calculation is irrelevant

If the blocks are placed in the shape of a cube, then it is easy to calculate how many ordinary bricks are on a pallet. You will need to calculate the area of ​​one masonry product and a pallet, then use division to find out the quantity in one row. Multiplying this data by the number of rows, we get the total number. When stacking using the “Christmas tree” method, such calculation is irrelevant.

Figure 3. Methods for laying stones on a pallet

How to calculate brick consumption for different types of masonry

Calculation of brick consumption is carried out based on the following parameters: wall thickness, type of building material used, thickness of mortar joints. It may seem that mortar joints are so thin in thickness that they can be neglected, but this is not so. In fact, in a cube of masonry, approximately 0.25-0.3 of the volume is accounted for by the solution.

When builders do not take into account the volume of mortar, they count the number of bricks in 1 cubic meter. m, calculating the volume of one piece. For example, the dimensions of one and a half red brick are 250 × 120 × 88 mm. Now let's convert the dimensions into square meters, and then into cubic meters. The calculations look like this:

0.25 × 0.12 × 0.088 = 0.00264 m;

1: 0.00264 = 378.78 pcs. one and a half bricks.

If you use single bricks, you will get about 512 pieces. per 1 cu. m.

Thickness of seams between rows:

• vertical seam – 10 mm;
• horizontal seam – 12 mm.

Good to know. The choice of the size of an ordinary brick should be made depending on the purpose. For example, for laying external walls it is better to choose a single brick, and for cladding - euro.

For convenience, you can use the average consumption of bricks per 1 sq. m of masonry. The data is shown in the table.

One-and-a-half facing brick (front) M-175

• Size: 250x120x65, mm
• Color: ivory
• Quantity on pallet: 480

• Size: 250x120x65, mm
• Color: ivory (rustic, chalet, country)
• Quantity on pallet: 480

• Size: 250x120x65, mm
• Color: dune
• Quantity on pallet: 480

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: straw
• Quantity on pallet: 384

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: ivory 002
• Quantity on pallet: 384

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: ivory
• Quantity on pallet: 384

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: dune
• Quantity on pallet: 384

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: mocha
• Quantity on pallet: 384

• Size: 250x120x65, mm
• Color: gray
• Quantity on pallet: 480

• Size: 250x120x88, mm
• Color: gray
• Quantity on pallet: 384

When choosing facing bricks, much attention is paid to the appearance and aesthetic characteristics of the material. Important characteristics for consumers are color, surface texture, and size. Few non-professionals can immediately assess how long the facade material will last in its original form, and few pay attention to the correspondence of the characteristics of the proposed product with the features of the construction project.

White or red?

Silicate (white) brick appeared later than red (ceramic) brick - in 1880 in Germany. It is distinguished from ceramic by the addition of lime. To understand the difference between the two types of materials, it is worth comparing their characteristics:

• Strength. According to this indicator, white brick wins, but the foundation must also be much stronger and “heavier”.
• Temperature resistance. On this point, ceramic bricks have an advantage. Considering that it is made from baked clay, it can easily withstand any temperature records, while silicate will begin to collapse at +600 C. This indicator is important if it is necessary to lay out a stove, fireplace and other structures that are in direct contact with fire.
• Frost resistance. Both materials have similar parameters in terms of this indicator.
• Thermal insulation. In this case, you should give preference to red brick, which creates a comfortable microclimate in the house even without additional efforts to insulate the walls.
• Soundproofing. And in terms of this indicator, the leader is silicate, whose insulation level is 51 dB, while for ceramic it is 45 dB.