Aerated concrete is a universal modern building material. High-quality low-rise buildings and all kinds of additional buildings are built from it. In particular, it is actively used for the construction of garages. In this article we will talk about how a project for a garage made of aerated concrete is drawn up, what norms and size standards are used, what a garage can be based on the type of construction and planning solution.
Garage made of aerated concrete Source petromonolit.ru
Before you start designing, you need to think carefully about the design of the future garage. You should decide whether it needs an inspection hole, what the height of the gate should be, whether the garage will be designed for one, two or three cars, whether it should be attached to the house or free-standing, how much free space should remain for storing tools. In addition, you need to think about the fact that the garage can be a multifunctional building, complemented by a boiler room, pantry, summer kitchen or even a bathhouse.
Garage with attached summer kitchen Source kladka-info.ru
Types of projects
Although the garage is an accessory building, its construction must be based on a professional design. Only a qualified designer will be able to correctly calculate the foundation so that it does not turn out to be too expensive, but at the same time has sufficient strength. It will be able to provide the garage building with the necessary security, which is especially important when arranging garages attached to the house. There are many more important nuances - high-quality ventilation, insulation, communications.
There are two ways to get a project for building a garage - purchase a ready-made standard architectural design or make an individual order to an architect. Standard designs are more popular. They are inexpensive and are offered by design organizations in a wide range. Individual projects, specially created for a specific customer, are necessary in cases where it is necessary to build a non-standard complex garage. For example, if you plan to build on a site with a strong slope, or if you need a garage with a utility block of a certain unusual layout.
Garage on a site with a slope Source hqroom.ru
See also: Catalog of projects for garages made of aerated concrete blocks presented at the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition.
Tips for choosing material
In different regions, depending on the climate zone, interior and exterior decoration, and the method and material for insulating the building, you need to select the brand of aerated concrete. It is important to take into account the mass of the blocks - this directly affects the cost of building the foundation.
There are several brands of material for constructing a garage, they differ:
- In terms of strength and density - this characteristic depends on the size of the internal voids. If there are 40-55% of the total volume in a block, then the blocks are designated with a grade of more than 600. Their compressive strength reaches 4.5 MPa;
- Material grade 500 - have a strength in the range of 2.7-4 MPa, this characteristic varies depending on the percentage of porosity (within 55-75%) and the additives used in the manufacture;
- Material grade 400 is fragile, the compressive strength does not exceed 1.5 MPa, but you can build a garage from them if you cannot pour a reliable foundation. The material has about 75% internal voids, which significantly improves its thermal insulation properties and allows the use of a lightweight base. The cost of such material is 15% less than that of average blocks, which significantly reduces the cost of building a garage.
Please note that when laying walls from 400 grade blocks, you need to buy a lightweight roofing covering; for this material, a large load is unacceptable;
- Aerated concrete grade 300-350 is an inexpensive but very fragile material; it can withstand a load of no more than 1 MPa. Of course, you can build a garage from these blocks, but you need to remember about the fragile structure of the material.
Aerated concrete blocks are easy to cut with a regular hacksaw, so you don’t have to look for special devices and tools for construction . It is most convenient to use dimensions of 2x3x6 m - such dimensions allow you to build a garage with a minimum amount of scraps.
Garage size
A garage can be designed for one or more cars. Usually a garage for one car is built and an open parking space with a canopy is installed next to it. However, recently, two-car garages are being built more and more often. If it is necessary to build a garage for three or more cars, individual projects are used.
To determine the room parameters for one car, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the car, as well as the dimensions of all equipment and inventory that will need to be placed next to the car.
The minimum garage size is calculated based on the vehicle parameters and without taking into account the placement of equipment. In this case, 0.5 meters are added to the length, width and height of the car, and thus a minimum size is obtained. However, such small buildings are usually built from lightweight materials. The result is cost-effective portable structures. But solid buildings are erected from aerated concrete, in which everything is provided for comfortable operation.
Dimensions of a garage for 1 car Source drevolog.ru
The standard dimensions of a garage for one car are as follows: 6 meters long, 4 meters wide, 2.3 meters high. This standard is used in the construction of standard garages and satisfies the needs of all car enthusiasts. In any case, for convenient use you need to have a height of about 40 cm above the head of a standing person and 50 cm on all sides from the car to the walls or shelves.
For two cars, calculations are made in the same way. In this case, it is necessary to provide a distance between two cars of at least 1 meter. When designing a double garage, there is often a separate entry for each vehicle. In some cases, a general entrance and one wide gate are provided.
Dimensions of a garage for 2 cars Source moydom.net.ua
Roof: budget solution
After pouring the armored belt, aerated concrete walls are capable of supporting any type of roof; its construction does not have any specific features.
The author will allow himself to mention only one solution, interesting for its extreme cheapness:
- The armored belt is not flooded;
- One or three top rows of masonry are cut obliquely, forming a slope of at least 5 degrees;
- Slots for roof beams are selected in aerated concrete;
- Beams soaked in antiseptic are embedded in the slots using ordinary cement-sand mortar;
- The roof is laid over the sheathing laid on the beams (usually made of metal tiles, which prevents water from flowing in on small slopes due to the transverse wave).
The photo shows the simplest and cheapest roof structure: the beams are embedded in the walls
Video description
Tips for locating a garage on the site:
SNiP standards
Formally, a garage is an outbuilding, and when placing it, you must adhere to the regulations relating to such buildings. So, for example, a distance of at least 6 meters must be maintained from the garage to the buildings on the neighboring site. This distance can only be reduced if there is written agreement on this issue with the neighbors.
If the garage is planned as a separate structure, there must be a distance of at least 8 meters from it to other stone and concrete buildings. If there is already a wooden building on the site, then the garage should be placed no closer than 10 meters from it. You need to step back at least 3 meters from the house.
If you plan to set up an entrance to the garage directly from the roadway, it should be “sinked” into the depth of the site by 1 meter. This is necessary so that when opening the garage door, passage or driving along the fence is not difficult. These and other standards must be carefully studied. But it is better to consult with specialists involved in drawing up master plans for private households.
Variant of the master plan with a cottage and attached garage Source vyda.kanorecybu.ru.net
Fire safety
Most of the standards included in SNiP are necessary to ensure sufficient fire safety for a garage building. It is worth noting that with strict adherence to all fire safety rules, it is possible to build a garage closer than provided for in the regulations. But this only applies to unheated automobile buildings.
Garage attached to the house
If in a detached garage fire safety is achieved primarily by observing standard distances to neighboring objects, then an extension garage requires the use of additional measures. In addition, the extension must be designed taking into account the layout of the house. Therefore, projects for attached garages are drawn up more carefully.
Floor arrangement
When the walls have already been erected, the roof has been installed and an inspection hole has been made, you can begin making the garage floor. A durable floor should be installed here, since the car will put a large load on the screed. Therefore, the ideal solution would be to make a concrete base. Wooden flooring can be installed directly in the pedestrian area, this is especially effective if you plan to have a work area and install tables. It will be more comfortable to be on a wooden floor than on a concrete one.
So, the soil is leveled and compacted. Each subsequent layer is also compacted, consisting of:
- crushed stone 100–150 mm;
- sand 50–100 mm;
- gravel 50–100 mm.
Roof view from inside
Finally, a concrete screed is poured in a layer of at least 200 mm. After this, all you have to do is finish the walls, carry out the necessary communications and bring your car into its new, reliable and dry “home”.
Video description
Houses with attached garages:
It is advisable to have an attached garage in a cottage project. However, it is possible to add a room for a car to an already built house. To do this, a lightweight foundation is built next to the façade, which according to the design has no windows.
Houses with attached garages are designed according to certain rules. The garage extension in most cases is adjacent to the right or left facade of the cottage. Sometimes, when a house is designed for a narrow plot, the garage can become an element of the main facade. Often the entrance to the garage and the entrance to the house are combined by a single porch with a common canopy. In many projects, an internal entrance to the garage is planned from the house. For maximum security, the entrance to the garage from the residential part of the building is decorated with a protective buffer zone. This could be a walk-through boiler room or pantry, or simply a separation vestibule.
It is very important to take into account building codes in the project. It is mandatory to maintain a distance of 5 meters from the attached garage to the neighboring area. There must be at least 2.5 meters from the entrance to the garage to the nearest window or door. There must be at least 2 meters from the ridge of the garage roof to the window of the house.
Option for a house project with an attached garage Source ukrasheniyedoma.com
Built-in garage
A built-in garage is one that is located on the same foundation as the house and is its structural part. This architectural solution has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, a separate foundation for a garage made of aerated concrete may be less complex and expensive than the foundation of a house. Therefore, the extension is cheaper. On the other hand, the garage as part of the cottage turns out to be warmer, it is easier to connect all communications to it, and it is initially included in the layout of the first floor.
Layout of the first floor of a cottage with a built-in garage Source stroydom-taldom.ru
Floating foundation
Being a type of tape-type base, the floating base compensates for soil vibrations, absorbs loads and is not sensitive to natural vagaries. What is the design of such a foundation for a car? It is a recessed concrete slab reinforced with steel reinforcing mesh.
When arranging a floating foundation, follow the order of work:
- Dig a rectangular pit.
- Cover the base with a sand cushion and compact the surface.
- Install mesh type reinforcement cage for strength.
- Fill the foundation with concrete until it is completely immersed in the reinforcement.
- Plan the surface.
Garage in the basement
The ground floor is the technical part of the building, no more than half buried in the ground. The ground floor rises no more than two meters above the ground floor. Building a basement is not cheap. But you can fit all the technical premises in it, including the garage.
Designing a garage in the basement is complicated by the fact that you need to calculate an inclined ramp for entry, as well as a reliable drainage system, without which the garage will flood during precipitation and melting snow. In addition, the car room must be provided with the most reliable ventilation system, and the walls and ceilings must be especially carefully protected from fire.
Sometimes, instead of a ramp, special lifting devices are built, which allow one to avoid an inclined drive, but require the use of rather complex and expensive equipment.
Insulation of a pile foundation
Insulation of a pile foundation
Cold air circulates between the ground and the grillage, which cools the garage floor. Insulating the foundation is a top priority.
Main ways to solve the problem:
- Grillage waterproofing.
The waterproofing layer is laid between the base of the load-bearing walls and the grillage. In the same way, the space between the ends of the piles and the ground foundation is isolated. Mastic is applied to the top of the roofing material on open fragments.
Installation of thermal insulation coatings.
A week after the waterproofing measures, the pile foundation is insulated. The cheapest option is to backfill the soil around the perimeter of the foundation. The best insulation can only be achieved by using special materials.
Finishing of insulation on the outside.
The finishing will help protect the insulation from mechanical damage and will carry an aesthetic load. If funds allow, imitation granite, brick, and natural stone are purchased. As an option, you can consider a profiled sheet. A frame is attached to the upper perimeter of the piles, onto which the finishing panels are attached.
Construction of a garage from aerated concrete
First, material calculations are made based on the design. It is better to entrust this to professionals, since mistakes when purchasing building materials usually lead to additional material costs. It is also better to choose aerated concrete with the help of a specialist in order to protect yourself from purchasing low-quality material or aerated concrete of a different type than that provided by the designer.
Types of aerated concrete blocks Source classical4u.ru
It is very important to carefully consider the design of the foundation at the design stage. In order to correctly determine its depth, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the soil on the site - the depth of groundwater, heaving of the soil, freezing depth, etc. All this data is needed primarily when building a house, so at the time of constructing a garage, the homeowner usually has it. If they are not there, you must first consult with specialists, and only then draw up a garage project.
The construction process begins with markings. It is performed using threads and stakes. Marking is necessary to ensure that the corners and walls of the future garage have the correct geometry. After applying the markings, the construction of the foundation begins. Since gas blocks are a lightweight material, a garage can be built from them on a strip foundation buried 40-50 cm.
For a strip foundation, dig a trench of the required depth and width, focusing on the marking threads. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand and crushed stone, then wooden formwork is installed, a reinforcement frame is laid and concrete is poured.
Negative properties of aerated concrete blocks
There are not many negative properties of aerated concrete; they are the reverse side of the positive features of the material.
- Fragility of the material - despite its strength, the material is quite fragile, so it is easy to split if dropped. On the other hand, gas blocks are light in weight, so working with them is quite easy.
- High probability of error - due to the lack of reliable information and due to the deliberate spread of myths on the Internet, when working with gas blocks, mistakes are often made that lead to the destruction of walls and cracks in the masonry. If in the case of more durable wall materials, errors in some cases are compensated by the resistance of the material, then when building from aerated blocks, some shortcomings in the project can lead to serious consequences.
Video description
Construction of a strip foundation for a garage:
In areas with complex soil characteristics, the strip foundation is not used. Instead, a monolithic slab is constructed. A slab foundation allows construction in areas with loose or moving soil, as well as in areas with high groundwater levels. This type of foundation is carried out in two stages. First, a reinforcing mesh is laid under the entire building, after which the site is filled with concrete. After the concrete hardens, this structure will become a solid monolithic slab, which will not allow the building to move or deform. The thickness of a slab for a garage made of aerated concrete ranges from 10 to 60 cm. If a simple one-story building for one passenger car is being built, a minimum thickness of 10 cm is sufficient. In all other cases, you need to rely on the architect’s calculations.
At the next stage, walls made of aerated concrete are erected. The blocks are usually laid on a special adhesive solution. To make the structure more reliable and durable, walls are reinforced with reinforcement. Construction must be carried out in strict accordance with the design documentation.
A gas block garage under construction Source koon.ru
Once the garage box is completed, the roof is installed and the gate is installed. Then the garage is insulated, if this was provided for in the project, all elements of the ventilation system are installed, communications are connected and finishing work is carried out.
A separate stage is the arrangement of the inspection pit. It can only be done in a garage with a strip foundation. The pit requires especially careful waterproofing of the bottom and walls. It must be lined with high quality, reliable materials that can withstand high humidity and sudden temperature changes.
The interior and exterior decoration of a vehicle can be made from any facing materials. The main thing is that they are non-flammable and non-toxic. The easiest way is to plaster a garage made of aerated concrete blocks, both outside and inside. This is the most practical and economical method of cladding, allowing you to choose any color scheme for the interior and exterior of the building.
Garage lined with plaster Source hi.decorexpro.com
Walls
The first row of aerated concrete blocks is laid out on a cement-sand cushion laid on top of waterproofing - two layers of roofing material. The waterproofing material will prevent the walls from getting wet, absorbing water from the foundation and soil due to the capillary effect.
Laying the first row on a leveling pad on top of the waterproofing
Tip: when laying out the first row, use the longest possible level or a mooring cord stretched strictly horizontally. Their appearance and strength depend on how smoothly the blocks lie at the base of the walls.
The second and subsequent rows are laid out on aerated concrete glue with the obligatory bandaging of the vertical seams by at least 20 cm. The thickness of the seam is 1-3 mm, the tool for applying the glue is a carriage or a notched trowel. Every third row is reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement: reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm is placed in the grooves cut with a wall chaser.
The reinforcement is placed in grooves, which are then filled with glue
Additional blocks are cut in place with a hacksaw for foam blocks. To cut strictly at right angles to the surface, use a jig square.
Square for cutting aerated concrete blocks
If you are building a garage with utility rooms, or a house with a garage made of aerated concrete, you will inevitably have to solve the problem of partitions joining the main walls. The connection must be strong and withstand significant horizontal loads.
This problem can be solved in two ways:
| Image | Description |
| General reinforcement: the reinforcement is laid in grooves cut at the same level in both walls adjacent to each other. |
| Anchors: the partition is fixed with a piece of reinforcement hammered into a hole in the wall or a perforated galvanized corner. |
Options for aerated concrete garage projects
Aerated concrete blocks are a universal building material from which you can build a warm and reliable garage, complemented by a full-fledged utility block. Often, aerated concrete garages are built with terraces, summer kitchens or bathhouses. In addition, this material makes it easy to construct garages attached to the house.
Garage project with utility room
Below is a project for the simplest garage for one car. The building is complemented by a convenient utility room. Such a garage can be built as a separate structure. But it can be attached to the house. The second option involves an internal entrance to the house from the garage itself and from the utility room. When choosing such a project, you should pay attention to the fact that the utility room is designed separately from the garage, with a remote entrance. It can be used as a boiler room, pantry or storage for garden tools. At the same time, the parameters of the car room allow you to install racks along the walls on which you can place all the tools for servicing the car.
Garage with separate utility room Source foamin.ru
Spacious garage project
The next project is the basis for a car room that is as easy to build as possible. There is no separate storage, but there is enough free space to accommodate everything you need. This type of garage is ideal for motorists who spend a lot of time in the garage. Free space can be equipped with comfortable furniture.
Spacious garage for one car Source drevolog.ru
Two car garage project
The following project is designed to accommodate two cars. There is a utility block here, which is connected to the car room by an internal entrance. In addition, the utility room in this development is a walk-through, and if you attach such a garage to the house, you can turn it into an entrance to the house. The drawing shows a carport for one car to the left of the utility room. It can be located to the right of the building or just before entering the garage. In any case, the canopy increases the functionality of the entire structure.
Garage for two cars with utility room Source tr.decorexpro.com
Project of a garage with a bathhouse
Aerated concrete blocks allow the construction of buildings of any complexity. Therefore, some homeowners, having enough space on their site and a little additional funds, build not just garages, but entire multifunctional complexes from aerated concrete. The garage can be combined with a summer kitchen, a terrace for relaxation or, as in this example, with a bathhouse.
In the presented version, the garage room along with the utility unit occupies the right wing of the building. In addition to the bathhouse, the building will include a boiler room. It is worth paying attention to the fact that in this project the exit from the garage leads through the rest room of the bathhouse. For more convenient use and increased safety of the bathhouse part of the building, it is better to consider an exit to the street through the boiler room, and not to create a door from the garage to the recreation room at all.
Garage with bath complex Source medike.ru
Project of a cottage with an attached garage
The following example demonstrates the most common design option for an attached garage with an internal entrance. The house is connected to the car room through a buffer zone, the role of which in this case is played by a compact laundry room. Instead, a boiler room or simply a walk-through pantry can be installed. For maximum protection of the residential part of the house, the exit from the garage is also separated by a hallway. If separating buffer rooms are not designed, then car odors and fumes from flammable substances, which are often stored next to the car, will penetrate into living rooms.
The garage must be reliably isolated from the main room Source tuzhizhijia.com
Tools and materials needed for work
After creating or purchasing an individual project and calculating building materials, you need to prepare everything necessary for the work.
Tools:
- Hacksaw suitable for cutting aerated concrete;
- Brushes of different sizes;
- Wall chaser;
- Notched trowel suitable for applying glue;
- Trowel;
- Shovels;
- Plumb;
- Rubber mallet;
- Level;
- Dishes for preparing and possibly storing the working solution.
Materials:
- Aerated concrete blocks;
- Coarse sand;
- Cement not lower than grade 400;
- Crushed stone;
- Boards for making formwork;
- Reinforcing mesh;
- Reinforcement (used to create strapping);
- Adhesive intended for aerated concrete blocks.
Attention! In any preparation for construction and the availability of the necessary tools, it is necessary to take into account the timing of the start of garage construction.
It is advisable to start building a structure in warm weather . In addition, possible completion dates for construction work are taken into account. The construction period depends on the qualifications of the master. For experienced specialists, the required time takes on average about 2 months (this period does not include the period of interior finishing of the building).
